- sickle cell - Autoimmune disease

Blood Types Flashcards by Jordan Oddo

2 groups form Whole blood

Plasma and Formed Elements

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6 groups that form plasma

1) Amino acids
2) Nutrients
3) Proteins
4) Gases
5) Electrolytes
6) Nitrogenous waste
- H2O also found here

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3 groups that form proteins

1) Albumins
2) Globulins
3) Fibrinogen (clotting factors)

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3 groups that makeup Formed Elements

1) Platelets
2) Leukocytes
3) Erythrocytes

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2 groups that form Leukocytes

1) Granulocytes

2) Agranulocytes

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2 groups that form Agranulocytes

1) Lymphocytes

2) Monocytes

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3 groups that form Granulocytes

1) Neutrophils
2) Esinophils
3) Basophils

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How is hematocrit calculated?

Height of RBC / Total Height

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What is the difference between serum and plasma?

Serum = no clotting factor
Plasma = clotting factors present

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Characteristics of RBC’s

120 day lifespan
non-nucleated
no mitochondria
Biconcave
2 alpha chains
2 Beta chains

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CO2 + H2O H2CO3

When would carbonic anhydrase be present?

The right hand side.

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What is anemia?

Lower than normal number of RBC’s or quantity of hemoglobin

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Normal Hemoglobin values in men and women

Men = 45% (15g/dl)
Women = 40% (14g/dl)

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Blood loss anemia

Hemorrhage

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Hemolytic anemia

sickle cell

- Autoimmune disease

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Microcytic anemia

lack of iron

- low hemoglobin conc

Megaloblastic Anemia

B12, folate deficiency (BIG RBC’s)

Polycythemia Vera

thick blood, slow flow in arteries so clot easily. Due to increase in Hb, hematocrit and number of circulating RBC’s

Two types of Polycythemia Vera

Primary: genetic JAK2 gene (not hereditary in most cases)
Secondary: acquired, people who experience low level O2 in blood for long period of time

What part of the Erythropoiesis process is significant?

Reticulocytes travel in blood for 2 days before becoming a Erythrocyte.

What will happen to the hemoglobin, RBC count, Hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin in microcytic Iron deficiency?

All values will go down.

What will happen to the hemoglobin, RBC count, Hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin in megaloblastic anemia?

(Free) Hemoglobin: down
RBC count: down
Hematocrit: down
Mean corpuscular volume: Up (Larger RBC's)
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin: Up

What will happen to the hemoglobin, RBC count, Hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin in blood loss anemia? (normal iron levels)

(Free) Hemoglobin: down
RBC count: down
Hematocrit: down
MCV: normal
MCH: normal

What is Erythropoietin? Where is it made and released from?

Essential glycoprotein for erythrocyte synthesis; made in bone marrow released from the kidneys.

What is blood doping/infusion?

Administration of blood/RBC's/ or related blood products to increase oxygen carrying capacity.

Where does erythropoiesis occur?

Bone marrow

What does an RBC breakdown into upon death?

- Globin | - Heme

What happens to globin after RBC death?

Converted to amino acids and reused for protein synthesis.

What happens to Heme after RBC death?

Converted to iron and transferred to liver OR converted biliverdin then to bilirubin and transferred to the liver.

Life Cycle of RBC's (big picture)

When RBC's die or undergo phagocytosis, their integral parts are reused throughout the body.

Are the antigens and antibodies the same within the same blood?

No, the antigen and antibody are opposite from one another.

Who is the universal blood receiver?

Who is the universal donor?

What is the Rh system?

Transmembrane proteins that help transport ammonia

What happens if a fetus and mother have Rh+ and Rh-?

The mother's body will think that this foreign substance is bad and will begin to attack. She will need to receive RhoGAM shots. This will help defend the fetus.

Which of the following blood units carries the least risks for inducing an immediate transfusion reaction into a B+ recipient? ``` A) Packed red blood cells O+ B) Packed red blood cells AB- C) Whole Blood A+ D) Whole Blood O+ E) Whole Blood AB+ ```

Hemolysis

RBC destruction: Hemoglobin converted to bilirubin