Blood Transfusions

Question 1

how long can red cells be stored for?

Answer 1

35d days

Question 2

how long can FFP be stored for?

Answer 2

3 years

Question 3

what is different about the storage of platelets?

Answer 3

7 days with aggitation

Question 4

how do blood products differ from blood components?

Answer 4

blood products can be from mulitple donors

Question 5

what are the two ways in which exposure to non-self red cell antigens can occur producign an immune repsonse?

Answer 5

blood transfusion

foetal maternal haemmorhage

Question 6

which chromosome is the ABO gene located on?

Answer 6

chomosome 9

Question 7

what is the dominance of A,B and O?

Answer 7

A and B dominant over O

A and B co-dominant

O is silent

Question 8

what is the phenotye and gentotype of someones blood group?

Answer 8

phenotype- which antigens are detected

genotype- which genes are present

Question 9

what is Landsteiner’s Law?

Answer 9

when an individual lack the A or B antigen the corresponding antibody is produced in their plasma

Question 10

who can AB blood be given to?

Answer 10

only AB

Question 11

who can receive O blood?

Answer 11

anyone

Question 12

an antibody-antigen reaction in red cells results in what?

Answer 12

agglutination

Question 13

what is an antisera?

Answer 13

reagent with known antibody to identify antigens present on red cell

i.e. anti A will clump with A antigen confirming blood group A

Question 14

how are reagent red cells used to determine blood group?

Answer 14

red cells with known antigen to identify antibodies present in plasma

Question 15

what percentage of the population are RhD positive?

Answer 15

85% (Dd)

Question 16

how does antibody screening work?

Answer 16

test patients plasma against several reagent red cells with known antigens

Question 17

what is the indirect anti-globulin test?

Answer 17

addition of anti-human globulin to plasma/red cell detect antibodies

Question 18

what is an IAT crossmatch?

Answer 18

add patient plasma to donor red cells, no agglutination means transfusion can be carreid out

Question 19

what is meant by group and screen?

Answer 19

identify ABO group and screen for antibodies

Question 20

what are some indications fro red cell transfusion?

Answer 20

symtpomatic anaemia Hb<70

major bleeding

Question 21

how many units of blood can be transfused at a time?

Answer 21

one and then reassess patient

Question 22

what are the indications for FFP transfusion?

Answer 22

treat bleeding in patients w coagulopathy

prophylaxis prior to surgery in coagulopathy

manage massive haemorrhage

transfuse early in trauma

Question 23

what are the indications for platelet transfusion?

Answer 23

prophlyaxis in pts w bone marrow failure nd low platelet counts

bleeding in thrombocytopenic pt

prophylaxis prior to surgery in thrombocytopenic pt

Question 24

what colour tube is used for blood samples?

Answer 24

pink

Question 25

how long are blood donor/transfusion records kept?

Answer 25

30 years

Question 26

when is patient monitored during transfusion?

Answer 26

before

at 15 mins

at 60 mins

Question 27

if patient reports feelign unwell during transfusion what should you do?

Answer 27

stop the transfusion and assess patient before deciding to continue/change plan

Question 28

at what time during transfusion are adverse reactions most likely to occur?

Answer 28

10-15mins

Question 29

is a patient has phentyope group A what is their genotype?

Answer 29

AA or AO

Question 30

if patient is phenotype B what is their genotype?

Answer 30

BB or BO

Question 31

if patient phenotype AB what is their genotype?

Answer 31

AB