Blood Transfusions Flashcards
how long can red cells be stored for?
35d days
how long can FFP be stored for?
3 years
what is different about the storage of platelets?
7 days with aggitation
how do blood products differ from blood components?
blood products can be from mulitple donors
what are the two ways in which exposure to non-self red cell antigens can occur producign an immune repsonse?
blood transfusion
foetal maternal haemmorhage
which chromosome is the ABO gene located on?
chomosome 9
what is the dominance of A,B and O?
A and B dominant over O
A and B co-dominant
O is silent
what is the phenotye and gentotype of someones blood group?
phenotype- which antigens are detected
genotype- which genes are present
what is Landsteiner’s Law?
when an individual lack the A or B antigen the corresponding antibody is produced in their plasma
who can AB blood be given to?
only AB
who can receive O blood?
anyone
an antibody-antigen reaction in red cells results in what?
agglutination
what is an antisera?
reagent with known antibody to identify antigens present on red cell
i.e. anti A will clump with A antigen confirming blood group A
how are reagent red cells used to determine blood group?
red cells with known antigen to identify antibodies present in plasma
what percentage of the population are RhD positive?
85% (Dd)
how does antibody screening work?
test patients plasma against several reagent red cells with known antigens
what is the indirect anti-globulin test?
addition of anti-human globulin to plasma/red cell detect antibodies
what is an IAT crossmatch?
add patient plasma to donor red cells, no agglutination means transfusion can be carreid out
what is meant by group and screen?
identify ABO group and screen for antibodies
what are some indications fro red cell transfusion?
symtpomatic anaemia Hb<70
major bleeding
how many units of blood can be transfused at a time?
one and then reassess patient
what are the indications for FFP transfusion?
treat bleeding in patients w coagulopathy
prophylaxis prior to surgery in coagulopathy
manage massive haemorrhage
transfuse early in trauma
what are the indications for platelet transfusion?
prophlyaxis in pts w bone marrow failure nd low platelet counts
bleeding in thrombocytopenic pt
prophylaxis prior to surgery in thrombocytopenic pt
what colour tube is used for blood samples?
pink
how long are blood donor/transfusion records kept?
30 years
when is patient monitored during transfusion?
before
at 15 mins
at 60 mins
if patient reports feelign unwell during transfusion what should you do?
stop the transfusion and assess patient before deciding to continue/change plan
at what time during transfusion are adverse reactions most likely to occur?
10-15mins
is a patient has phentyope group A what is their genotype?
AA or AO
if patient is phenotype B what is their genotype?
BB or BO
if patient phenotype AB what is their genotype?
AB
