Blood Transfusion Components Flashcards
What blood products are there?
Packed red cells
Platelets
Fresh frozen plasma
Cryoprecipitate
Where are packed red blood cells extracted from?
A whole blood donation
What temperature and for how long can red cells be stored?
At 4 degrees
For up to 35 days from collection
How much should 1 unit of red cells raise the haemoglobin level?
By 10g/L
What are the indications for red cells?
Acute blood loss - infusions where large volumes of fluid may result in cardiovascular compromise
Chronic anaemia if Hb <= 70g/L or <= 80 in CVD or symptomatic anaemia
Severe sepsis: Hb < 90
Packed red cells should be given over..
2 to 4 hours (complete within 4 hours from collection)
To be commenced within 30 minutes of coming out fridge - use or return
What temperature should platelets be stored at?
Room temperature only- never refrigerate
What is the shelf life of platelets?
7 days - need constant agitation
What are the indications for platelet transfusion?
Profound thrombocytopenia e.g < 20x109/L
Bleeding and thrombocytopenia
Haemorrhagic shock
Perioperative platelet level < 50x109
1 unit of platelets should increase platelet level by how much?
20-40x10*9
Failure to do so suggests refractory cause
What are the major constituents of FFP?
Clotting factors
What temperature is FFP stored at?
- 30 degrees
What are the indications for FFP usage?
DIC
All massive haemorrhages (commonly given after second unit of packed cells)
Correcting clotting deficiencies in those with hepatic synthetic failure, who are due to undergo surgery or have bleeding
Prophylactically in patients undergoing invasive surgery where risk of significant bleeding
Is FFP recommended for warfarin reversal?
No as more effective alternative treatment available e.g prothrombin complex concentrate
Over what time should FFP be given?
Approximately 30 minutes, complete within 4 hours
When using FFP, is ABO compatible plasma required?
Not required, but recommended
What are the major constituents of cryoprecipitate?
Fibrinogen
Von Willenbrands Factor
FVIII
Fibronectin
(Produced by further processing of FFP)
Cryoprecipitate allows large volume of factor VIII to be administered in a small volume. True or false?
True
What are the indications for cryoprecipitate?
DIC with fibrinogen < 1g/L
Von Willebrand’s disease (most common inherited bleeding disorder)
Massive haemorrhage
In emergency situation for haemophiliacs (when specific factors not available)
Prophylactically in patients undergoing invasive surgery where risk of significant bleeding
What is the universal donor for FFP?
AB blood - it lacks any anti -A or anti -B antibodies
Typically 1 unit of RBCs is what volume ?
200-250ml
What volume does 1 unit of FFP contain?
Approximately 200 to 250ml
What volume is 1 unit of cryoprecipitate?
10-15ml
What is octaplas?
Frozen plasma solution - similar to FFP
Has been treated with a solvent detergent process to kill certain viruses e.g vCJD
Should be used to transfuse patients born after 1st Jan 1996
What is octaplex?
Prothrombin complex concentrate - contains vitamin K dependent clotting factors
Mainly used for the rapid reversal of warfarin (vit K given at same time)
Each unit of platelets should be transfused within how many minutes?
30-60 minutes
Do not use a pump
What must FFP have on front of unit?
Date and time thawed documented
Each unit of FFP should be transfused within how long after coming out fridge?
30 minutes
What is the typical dosage of FFP?
12-15mls/kg
Request form MUST have patient weight documented
What must cryoprecipitate have on front of unit?
Date and time thawed documented
What is sent to the lab when requesting and using plasma components?
Clotting screen (blue bottle)
Platelets, FFP/Octoplas and cryoprecipitate have different compatibility requirements to RBCs. If the group of the product you have been issued does not match the blood group of your patient, what should you do?
Always check with blood bank that it is safe to transfuse
