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HAEMATOLOGY > Blood transfusion > Flashcards

Blood transfusion Flashcards

1
Q

Blood donors must have adequate Hb levels to be suitable for donation. What are the required Hb levels in men and women?

A

Hb 135g/L in men

Hb 125g/L in women

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2
Q

How much blood can be donated in one sitting?

A

460 ml

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3
Q

What is donor blood tested for?

A

HIV

Hep B/C/E

HTLV

Syphilis

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4
Q

How long can red cells, FFP and platelets be stored for?

A

Red cells are stored for 35 days at 4 degrees

FFP is stored for 3 years at -30 degrees

Platelets are stored for 7 days at room temp with agitation (to prevent sticking together)

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5
Q

ABO blood system genes are found on which chromosome?

A

Chromosome 9

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6
Q

Describe the dominance of A,B and O genes

A

A and B are co-dominant and dominant over O

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7
Q

What is meant by genotype and phenotype with reference to the ABO system?

A

The genotype is which genes are present

The phenotype is which antigens are present

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8
Q

What is Landsteiner’s law?

A

When a patient lacks the A or B antigen, the corresponding antibody is produced in their plasma against that antigen

(this is not due to exposure to blood products but is due to a response to gut bacteria which have similar structures to antigens on RBCs)

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9
Q

Which blood groups are the most common?

A

O followed by A

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10
Q

Which blood group is the least common?

A

AB

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11
Q

Who can receive donor blood which is group A?

A

A, AB

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12
Q

Who can receive donor blood which is group B?

A

B, AB

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13
Q

Who can receive donor blood which is group AB?

A

AB

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14
Q

Who can receive donor blood which is group O?

A

Anyone

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15
Q

Patients with blood group A can receive blood from which donor groups?

A

A and O

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16
Q

Patients with blood group B can receive blood from which donor groups?

A

B and O

17
Q

Patients with blood group AB can receive blood from which donor groups?

A

Anyone

18
Q

Patients with blood group O can receive blood from which donor groups?

A

O

19
Q

Which blood group can be donors for anyone?

A

O

20
Q

Which blood group can only receive blood transfusions from their own blood group?

A

O

21
Q

Which blood group can receive a blood transfusion from any blood group?

A

AB

22
Q

Which blood group can only give blood transfusions to patents with the same blood group?

A

AB

23
Q

Are most of the population Rh +ve or Rh -ve?

A

85% of the population are Rh +ve

24
Q

What testing needs to be done pre-transfusion?

A

ABO grouping / cross matching / antibody screening

25
Q

What are the indications for red cell transfusion?

A

Symptomatic anaemia with Hb<70g/L or cardiac disease

Major bleeding

26
Q

What are the indications for platelet transfusion?

A

Prophylaxis in patients with bone marrow failure and very low platelet counts

Treatment of bleeding and prophylaxis prior to surgery and procedures in thrombocytopenic patients

27
Q

What are the indications for FFP transfusion?

A

Treatment of bleeding and prophylaxis before surgery in patients with coagulopathy (PT ratio >1.5)

Management of massive haemorrhage

28
Q

How often should patients be monitored during transfusions?

A

Observations before, at 15 mins and within 60 mins of completion

29
Q

What are some of the possible complications of blood transfusion?

A

Infective

Overload

Immune reactions

30
Q

What is a febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction?

A

A transfusion reaction in which the only sign is a fever. There is no haemolysis or other signs or symptoms.

31
Q

How does transfusion associated circulatory overload present?

A

Patients with chronic anaemia have a high compensatory CO so when they are given a large volume load this results in pulmonary oedema

E.g an elderly patient with chronic anaemia is breathless after transfusion

32
Q

Why does transfusion related acute lung injury occur?

A

Anti-leucocyte antibodies present in the donation bind to the patients white cells and cause acute lung injury by degranulation of affected neutrophils in the lungs

33
Q

Pulmonary infiltrates on CXR are seen with which transfusion reaction?

A

Transfusion related acute lung injury

there is degranulation of affected neutrophils in the lungs

HAEMATOLOGY (10 decks)

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