blood, tissue fluid and lymph

Question 1

functions of blood

Answer 1

main specialised transport medium
type of connective tissue

transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogenous waste products, food molecules,digested food from small intestine, hormones, platelets

defence

Question 2

components of blood

Answer 2

erythrocyte
leukocyte
plasma
thrombocyte

Question 3

adaptations of erythrocyte

Answer 3

flattened, biconcave disc shape, ensures large surface area to volume ratio for efficient gas exchange

large amount of haemoglobin, for transporting oxygen

no nucleus/ organelles, maximises space for haemoglobin more oxygen can be transported

small diameter, short diffusion distance

Question 4

adaptation of capillaries for erythrocyte

Answer 4

wide enough to allow 1 erythrocyte through at a time, slows down blood flow, maximise diffusion of oxygen

Question 5

role of plasma

Answer 5

has albumin to maintain oncotic potential of blood

Question 6

what is tissue fluid

Answer 6

fluid surrounds the cell in tissues
supply them with oxygen and minerals

Question 7

how is tissue fluid formed

Answer 7

substances leaking out of blood plasma in capillaries

Question 8

difference between blood plasma and tissue fluid

Answer 8

tissue fluid does not contain most cells found in blood
tissue fluid does not contain plasma proteins
tissue fluid mainly water and small molecules

Question 9

define hydrostatic pressure

Answer 9

pressure exerted by a fluid

Question 10

define oncotic pressure

Answer 10

a type of osmotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins within a blood vessel

Question 11

what is blood in capillaries under the influence of

Answer 11

oncotic and hydrostatic pressure

Question 12

what is oncotic pressure

Answer 12

always -3.3 kPa
pulls water into capillary

Question 13

what is hydrostatic pressure

Answer 13

due to surge of blood that occurs every time the heart contracts

pushes blood from the arterial end of capillary into venous end

pushes fluid out of capillaries, into extracellular spaces

Question 14

how is tissue fluid formed

Answer 14

higher hydrostatic pressure in blood than tissue fluid
glucose and Na squeezed out of capillary membrane w water
large molecules e.g. protein stay inside capillary
hydrostatic pressure decreases in capillary as water moves out

Question 15

what is the fluid inside lymphatic system

Answer 15

lymph

Question 16

where is the lymph produced

Answer 16

in lymph nodes

Question 17

what is the lymphatic system

Answer 17

secondary circulatory system
major part of immune system

Question 18

what does the lymphatic system consist of

Answer 18

lymphatic capillaries and lymph vessles
lymph nodes
lymphatic tissue

Question 19

function of lymphatic capillaries and lymph vessels

Answer 19

transport lymph around body
lymph is squeezed through them by skeletal muscle
contain one-way valve prevent backflow of blood

Question 20

function of lymph nodes

Answer 20

sac-like organs, trap pathogens and foreign substances
contain large no of lymphocytes, antibodies produced passed into blood

Question 21

function of lymphatic tissue

Answer 21

found in spleen, thymus and tonsil
contain large amount of wbc, involve in their development

Question 22

what is the hydrostatic pressure in blood plasma

Answer 22

high

Question 23

what is the hydrostatic pressure in tissue fluid

Answer 23

low

Question 24

what is the hydrostatic pressure in lymph

Answer 24

low

Question 25

what is the oncotic pressure in blood plasma

Answer 25

more negative

Question 26

what is the oncotic pressure in tissue fluid

Answer 26

less negative

Question 27

what is the oncotic pressure in lymph

Answer 27

less negative