Blood Thiners, Cholesterol and Diabetes Medications Flashcards
1
Q
Anticoagulants (Blood Thinners)
A
- Treatment of Blood Clots and/or Prevention of New clot formation
- Don’t actually “thin” the blood
- Interrupt the body’s natural clotting process to prevent heart attack and stroke.
- Different mechanisms for doing this
2
Q
Vitamin K Antagonist Anticoagulants
A
- Block Vitamin K, which is involved in the clotting process
- Inconsistent dietary intake of vitamin K can interfere with effectiveness.
- INR Blood Test required to make sure blood clotting is kept at a safe and effective level
3
Q
Warfarin
A
Coumadin
4
Q
Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs)
A
- Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors
- Not affected by diet and no INR blood testing required for monitoring
generic “-aban”
5
Q
Apixaban
A
Eliquis
6
Q
Rivaroxaban
A
Xarelto
7
Q
Antiplatelets (Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors)
A
- Not technically anticoagulants because they don’t affect the clotting process.
- Work by preventing platelets from sticking together to decrease the risk of heart attack or stroke
8
Q
Aspirin
A
Ecotrin
9
Q
Clopidogrel
A
Plavix
10
Q
Cholestrol Medications
A
11
Q
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors. “Statins”
A
- reduce the production of cholesterol made by the liver
- Generic “-statin”
12
Q
Atorvastatin
A
Lipitor
13
Q
Simvastatin
A
Zocor
14
Q
Rosuvastatin
A
Crestor
15
Q
Pravastatin
A
Pravachol
16
Q
Lovastatin
A
Mevacor, Altoprev
17
Q
Other Cholesterol Medications
A
18
Q
Reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels
A
19
Q
Fenofibrate
A
Tricor
20
Q
Omega-3-acid Ethyl Esters
A
Lovaza
21
Q
Inhibit intestinal absorption of dietary cholesterol
A
22
Q
Ezetimibe
A
Zetia
23
Q
Diabetes Medications
A
- By Mouth
- Injectable
24
Q
Sulfonylureas
A
- Taken by mouth; oldest diabetes med available
- Increase insulin release from beta cells of the pancreas.
25
Glipizide
Glucotrol
26
Glimepiride
Amaryl
27
Biguanides
- Taken by mouth
- Reduce the amount of sugar produced by the liver, reduce the amount of sugar absorbed in the intestines, and increase insulin sensitivity
28
Metformin
Glucophage
29
DPP-4 Inhibitors (Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors)
_ Taken by mouth
- Slow the inactivation/degradation of GLP-1, an incretin hormone which triggers insulin release to lower blood sugar
- generic "-gliptin"
30
Linagliptin
Tradjenta
31
Metformin/Sitagliptin
Janumet
31
Sitagliptin
Januvia
32
TZDs (Thiazolidinediones)
- Taken by mouth; known as "glitazones"
- Increase the sensitivity of cells to insulin (decrease insulin resistance)
33
Pioglitazone
Actos
34
SGLT-2 Inhibitors (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors)
- Taken by mouth; known as "gliflozins"
- Cause more glucose to be excreted into the urine instead of reabsorbed into the body
35
Canagliflozin
Invokana
36
GLP-1 Analogs (Glucagon- like Peptide 1 Agonists)
- Injectables; also known as "incretin mimetics"
- Mimic incretin hormone GLP-1 produced in GI tract after a meal, causing increased release of insulin from the pacreas.
(Incretin hormones are gut peptides released in response to food intake, primarily stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas in a glucose-dependent manner.)
- generic "-glutide" or "-atide"
37
Liraglutide
Victoza
38
Dulagultide
Trulicity
39
Insulins
- Injectables
- Take the place of insulin that is normally produced by the body to move glucose out of the blood into other body tissues where it is used for energy.
- Different types- Rapid, Short, Intermediate, and Long Acting (Rapid and Long in Top 200 Drugs)
40
Insulins - Rapid Acting
- Onset within 30 minutes; Duration 3-5 hours
41
Insulin Lispro
Humalog
42
Insulin Aspart
Novolog
43
Insulins- Long Acting
- Onset within 2 hours; Duration up to 24 hours (up to 45 hours with Insulin Degludec)
44
Insulin Glargine
Lantus, Basaglar
45
Insulin Detemir
Levemir
46
Insulin Degludec
Tresiba
47
Total Drugs in this Deck
28
