Blood, the Hematopoietic System, and the Immune system Flashcards
Blood definition
a fluid containing mature cellular elements that fills the circulatory system
Hematopoiesis
The process of generating new blood cellls
Erythropoiesis
The process of generating new red blood cellls
Myelosupressive
diminished or suppressed bone marrow
The Circulatory System
-contains 5 L of blood
Blood: Statistics
- blood is 7-8% of body by weight
- blood is 55% plasma, 45% formed elements
Plasma makeup
- 91% water
- 7% protein
- 2% other
Formed Elements makeup
- 250-400 thousand platelets
- 5-9 thousand WBC- Leukocytes
- 4.2-5.8 million RBC- Erythrocyte
Erythrocyte
red blood cell
Leukocyte
white blood cell
Platelets
Thrombocytes
Types of Leukocytes
Types:
- basophil
- neutrophil
- eosinophil
- lymphocyte
- monocyte
Hemocytoblast
Marrow stem cell
- all formed cellular elements stem from single progenitor
- different forms come from differentiation
TBV
Total Blood Volume=formed elements+plasma
TBV=around 5L
TBV=0.072xBW(kg)
Hct
Hematocrit: Packed cell volume, or the volume of RBC in the blood compared to the total volume of blood in a centrifuged specimine
- average level 42%
- varies with gender
Hct=Vol_RBC/Vol_tot x 100
Anemia
decreased hematocrit(hct) levels 20%
Red Cell Volume
Red Cell Volume=HctxBV/100=2.1L
Mean Corpuscular Volume(MCV)
MCV=Avg volume of 1 RBC = about 90 fL
Normal RBC life span
120 days
microcytic anemia
decreased iron deficiency anemia
macrocytic anemia
Increase in vitamin B12 deficancy
Recycling of Hemaglobin
By the rectoendothelial system
- macrophage of spleen or liver take aged RBC and create hemoglobin
- heme from hemoglobin converted to iron
- Red bone marrow uses iron to make RBCs
hypoxemia
low blood oxygen content
How to increase delivery of oxygen to peripheral tissues?
- increasing the number of RBCs available to carry O2
- kidneys detect decreases in pO2, and synthesize hormone erythropoietin, which stimulates the marrow to produce more RBC precursers