Blood Supply to Brain

Question 1

Two main sources that provide blood supply to the brain?

Answer 1

Internal Carotid Artery and Vertebral Arteries

Question 2

Where do the vertebral arteries originate from?

Answer 2

Subclavian arteries

Question 3

Where does the subclavian artery originate from?

Answer 3

Right comes off the brachiocephalic artery which branches from the aorta and the left branches directly from aorta

Question 4

Where do the internal carotid arteries originate from?

Answer 4

Common Carotid artery

Question 5

The internal carotid arteries branch off to give too two main arteries?

Answer 5

Anterior Cerebral Artery and Middle Cerebral Artery

Question 6

Besides the ACA and MCA, which other arteries does the ICA give rise to?

Answer 6

Ophthalmic Artery
Anterior Chorodial Artery

Question 7

What does the ophthalmic artery supply?

Answer 7

The Retina

Question 8

What does the Anterior Chorodial Artery supply?

Answer 8

Posterior thalamus and internal capsule

Question 9

The vertebral arteries join to form which artery?

Answer 9

Basilar Artery

Question 10

The vertebralbasilar system gives off three paired circumferential arteries?

Answer 10

*Superior Cerebellar Arteries

*Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries

*Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries

Question 11

What forms the posterior cerebral artery?

Answer 11

Basilar Artery

Question 12

Which lobes does the Anterior Cerebral Artery Supply?

Answer 12

Anterior, Superior and Medial Frontal Lobes
AND
Superior and Medial Parietal Lobes

Question 13

Which lobes does the middle cerebral artery supply?

Answer 13

majority of the cerebral hemisphere including portions of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes

Question 14

which lobes are supplied by the posterior cerebral artery?

Answer 14

occipital lobes, inferior and medial temporal lobes and the thalami

Question 15

What are the three main deficits that occur with insult of the Internal Carotid Artery?

Answer 15

Ocular Infarction
Transient Monocular Blindness AKA Amaurosis Fugax
Cerebral Infarction

Question 16

What is the term for transient vision loss last seconds to minutes with full vision recovery?

Answer 16

Transient Monocular Blindness AKA Amaurosis Fugax

Question 17

What deficits are expected with Superior Division Left MCA Infarct?

Answer 17

Right hemiparesis
Broca’s Aphasia
(Brock is dominant and superior)

Question 18

What deficits are expected with Superior Division Right MCA Infarct?

Answer 18

Left Sided Hemiparesis
Apraxia
Deficits with spatial perception

Question 19

What deficits are expected with a inferior division left side MCA infarct?

Answer 19

Wernicke’s aphasia

Question 20

What deficits are expected with a inferior division right side MCA infarct?

Answer 20

Left visual neglect

Question 21

When there is a infarct to the ACA, when do you usually see deficits? Proximal occlusion vs Distal Occlusion

Answer 21

Distal Occlusion

Proximal occlusion is well tolerated due to collateral arteries

Question 22

What are the four main deficits you see with infarct to the ACA?

Answer 22

1. Contralateral Hemiparesis Leg > Arm
2. Urinary Incontinence
3. Contralateral Grasp Reflex
4. Paratonic Rigidity

Question 23

Why do you see urinary incontinence occur in ACA infarct?

Answer 23

The frontal micturition inhibition center is located in the frontal lobe that is supplied by ACA

Question 24

What are the two terms that are used for when a patient has a infarct in the ACA and is noted to have the inability to relax muscles during muscle tone assessment?

Answer 24

Paratonic Rigidity OR Gegenhalten

Question 25

What deficits would you see if a patient had a infarct in the Right and Left ACA?

Answer 25

Acute paraplegia (like SCI) Aphasia Incontinence Personality Dysfunction

Question 26

If a patient has an infarct in the bilateral PCA, what deficits would they have?

Answer 26

Cortical Blindness

Question 27

What is a term for denial of vision loss?

Answer 27

Anton Syndrome

Question 28

Term for can't read faces?

Answer 28

Prosopagnosia

Question 29

What is the term that "abnormal recurring visual imaginary"?

Answer 29

Palinopsia

Question 30

What is the term for can't read?

Answer 30

alexia

Question 31

What is the term for can write but can't read or recognize words?

Answer 31

Alexia without agraphia

Question 32

What two cranial nerves does the posterior cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 32

CN3 and CN4

Question 33

What is the name for CN3?

Answer 33

Oculomotor Nerve

Question 34

What does the CN3 Control ?

Answer 34

1. Controls 4 of the 6 eye muscles: -Superior Rectus -Inferior Rectus -Medial Rectus -Inferior Oblique 2. Controls lifting upper eyelid 3. Controls constriction of the pupil

Question 35

What is the function of the medial rectus muscle?

Answer 35

Move eye inward

Question 36

What is the function of the superior rectus muscle?

Answer 36

Move eye upward

Question 37

What is the function of the inferior rectus muscle?

Answer 37

Move eye downward

Question 38

What is the function of the inferior oblique muscle?

Answer 38

Eye up and out

Question 39

What is the name for CN 4?

Answer 39

Trochlear nerve

Question 40

What is the function of CN4?

Answer 40

Controls Superior Oblique Muscle

Question 41

What is the function of the Superior Oblique Muscle?

Answer 41

moves the eye down and outward