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Cuccurullo Chapter 1 Stroke > Blood Supply to Brain > Flashcards

Blood Supply to Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Two main sources that provide blood supply to the brain?

A

Internal Carotid Artery and Vertebral Arteries

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2
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries originate from?

A

Subclavian arteries

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3
Q

Where does the subclavian artery originate from?

A

Right comes off the brachiocephalic artery which branches from the aorta and the left branches directly from aorta

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4
Q

Where do the internal carotid arteries originate from?

A

Common Carotid artery

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5
Q

The internal carotid arteries branch off to give too two main arteries?

A

Anterior Cerebral Artery and Middle Cerebral Artery

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6
Q

Besides the ACA and MCA, which other arteries does the ICA give rise to?

A

Ophthalmic Artery
Anterior Chorodial Artery

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7
Q

What does the ophthalmic artery supply?

A

The Retina

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8
Q

What does the Anterior Chorodial Artery supply?

A

Posterior thalamus and internal capsule

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9
Q

The vertebral arteries join to form which artery?

A

Basilar Artery

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10
Q

The vertebralbasilar system gives off three paired circumferential arteries?

A

*Superior Cerebellar Arteries

*Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries

*Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries

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11
Q

What forms the posterior cerebral artery?

A

Basilar Artery

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12
Q

Which lobes does the Anterior Cerebral Artery Supply?

A

Anterior, Superior and Medial Frontal Lobes
AND
Superior and Medial Parietal Lobes

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13
Q

Which lobes does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

majority of the cerebral hemisphere including portions of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes

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14
Q

which lobes are supplied by the posterior cerebral artery?

A

occipital lobes, inferior and medial temporal lobes and the thalami

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15
Q

What are the three main deficits that occur with insult of the Internal Carotid Artery?

A

Ocular Infarction
Transient Monocular Blindness AKA Amaurosis Fugax
Cerebral Infarction

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16
Q

What is the term for transient vision loss last seconds to minutes with full vision recovery?

A

Transient Monocular Blindness AKA Amaurosis Fugax

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17
Q

What deficits are expected with Superior Division Left MCA Infarct?

A

Right hemiparesis
Broca’s Aphasia
(Brock is dominant and superior)

18
Q

What deficits are expected with Superior Division Right MCA Infarct?

A

Left Sided Hemiparesis
Apraxia
Deficits with spatial perception

19
Q

What deficits are expected with a inferior division left side MCA infarct?

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

20
Q

What deficits are expected with a inferior division right side MCA infarct?

A

Left visual neglect

21
Q

When there is a infarct to the ACA, when do you usually see deficits? Proximal occlusion vs Distal Occlusion

A

Distal Occlusion

Proximal occlusion is well tolerated due to collateral arteries

22
Q

What are the four main deficits you see with infarct to the ACA?

A
  1. Contralateral Hemiparesis Leg > Arm
  2. Urinary Incontinence
  3. Contralateral Grasp Reflex
  4. Paratonic Rigidity
23
Q

Why do you see urinary incontinence occur in ACA infarct?

A

The frontal micturition inhibition center is located in the frontal lobe that is supplied by ACA

24
Q

What are the two terms that are used for when a patient has a infarct in the ACA and is noted to have the inability to relax muscles during muscle tone assessment?

A

Paratonic Rigidity OR Gegenhalten

25
Q

What deficits would you see if a patient had a infarct in the Right and Left ACA?

A

Acute paraplegia (like SCI)
Aphasia
Incontinence
Personality Dysfunction

26
Q

If a patient has an infarct in the bilateral PCA, what deficits would they have?

A

Cortical Blindness

27
Q

What is a term for denial of vision loss?

A

Anton Syndrome

28
Q

Term for can’t read faces?

A

Prosopagnosia

29
Q

What is the term that “abnormal recurring visual imaginary”?

A

Palinopsia

30
Q

What is the term for can’t read?

31
Q

What is the term for can write but can’t read or recognize words?

A

Alexia without agraphia

32
Q

What two cranial nerves does the posterior cerebral arteries supply?

A

CN3 and CN4

33
Q

What is the name for CN3?

A

Oculomotor Nerve

34
Q

What does the CN3 Control ?

A
  1. Controls 4 of the 6 eye muscles:
    -Superior Rectus
    -Inferior Rectus
    -Medial Rectus
    -Inferior Oblique
  2. Controls lifting upper eyelid
  3. Controls constriction of the pupil
35
Q

What is the function of the medial rectus muscle?

A

Move eye inward

36
Q

What is the function of the superior rectus muscle?

A

Move eye upward

37
Q

What is the function of the inferior rectus muscle?

A

Move eye downward

38
Q

What is the function of the inferior oblique muscle?

A

Eye up and out

39
Q

What is the name for CN 4?

A

Trochlear nerve

40
Q

What is the function of CN4?

A

Controls Superior Oblique Muscle

41
Q

What is the function of the Superior Oblique Muscle?

A

moves the eye down and outward

Cuccurullo Chapter 1 Stroke (4 decks)

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