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OTB510 Neuro > Blood Supply of the Brain > Flashcards

Blood Supply of the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Internal Carotids (2)

A

Route: rise from the common artery
enter the brain at the level of Optic chaism

Supply: the brain

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2
Q

Vertebral Arteries (2)

A

Vertebral Arteries (2)
Route:
-run along the lateral aspect of medulla
-connect to form basilar artery at the base of the pns-medulla junction
- give rise to the anterior spinal artery

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3
Q

Verterbral Arteries (2)

A

Supply : lateral medulla areas

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4
Q

Anterior Spinal Artery ( 1 )

A

Route: begin as 2 small branches that become 1 artery

  • the 2 anterior spinal branches rise off of the vertebral arteries & become 1 main artery that travel along the anterior surface of the medulla and spinal cord
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5
Q

Anterior Spinal Artery ( 1)

A

Supply: anterior portion of the medulla and spinal cord

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6
Q

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries ( 2)

A

Route: rise from the vertebral arteries at the medulla level

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7
Q

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries ( 2)

A

Supply: part of the dorsolateral medulla ( including cerebellar peduncles)

  • inferior surface of the cerebellum
  • deep cerebellar nuclei
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8
Q

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries (2)

A

Route: vertebral arteries at the at the pons- medulla junction

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9
Q

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries ( 2)

A

Supply: inferior surface of the cerebellum and the deep cerebellar nuclei

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10
Q

Superior Cerebellar Arteries ( 2)

A

Route: rise from basilar artery at the pons- midbrain junction

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11
Q

Superior Cerebellar Arteries (2)

A

Supply: superior aspect of the cerebellum and parts of the deep cerebellar nuclei

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12
Q

Basilar Artery ( 1)

A

does not supply the cerebellum

but it does give rise to the superior cerebellar arteries

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13
Q

Basilar Artery ( 1)

A

Route: travels along anterior aspect of the pons

-gives rise to the superior cerebellar arteries

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14
Q

Basilar Artery ( 1)

A

Supply: anterior and lateral aspects of the pons

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15
Q

Three arteries that supply the Cerebellum

A

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries

Superior Cerebellar Arteries

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16
Q

Three Main Cerebral Arteries

A

Posterior Cerebral Arteries
Middle Cerebral Arteries
Anterior Cerebral Arteries

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17
Q

Posterior Cerebral Arteries ( 2)

A

Route: rise from basilar artery

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18
Q

Posterior Cerebral Arteries ( 2)

A

Supply: medial and inferior surfaces of the temporal and occipital lobes

  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
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19
Q

Middle Cerebral Arteries ( 2)

A

Route: rise from internal carotids and travel through lateral fissure to brain’s surface

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20
Q

Middle Cerebral Arteries ( 2)

A

Supple: lateral surfaces of the frontal, temporal, parietal lobes
-inferior surface of part of the frontal and temporal lobes

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21
Q

Anterior Cerebral Arteries ( 2)

A

Route: rise from internal carotids

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22
Q

Anterior Cerebral Arteries ( 2)

A

Supply: superior, lateral and medial aspects of the frontal and parietal lobes
- part of the basal ganglia and corpus callosum

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23
Q

Communicating Arteries

A

provide blood supply pathways to the major cerebral arteries

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24
Q

Multiple Encircling Arteries

A

provide blood supply pathway to the pons

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25
Q

Posterior Communicating Arteries ( 2)

A

Route: posterior communicating arteries connect the internal carotids and the posterior cerebral arteries

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26
Q

Posterior Communicating Arteries ( 2)

A

Supply:
diencephalon
internal capsule
optic chaism

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27
Q

Anterior Communicating Artery ( 1)

A

connects the 2 anterior cerebral arteries

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28
Q

Pontine Encircling Arteries ( Multuple)

A

Route: rise from the basilar artery and wrap around the pons

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29
Q

Pontine Encircling Arteries ( Multiple)

A

Supply: lateral and posterior portions of the pons

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30
Q

Circle of Willis

A

Circuit of interconnecting arteries that function to prevent lack of blood flow to the brain due to occlusion

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31
Q

Components of Circle of Willis

A 
Posterior Cerebral arteries
Posterior Communicating Arteries
Internal Carotid arteries
Anterior cerebral arteries 
Anterior communicating artery
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32
Q

Middle Cerebral Arterial Occlusion

A

middle cerebral arteries are the most common site of occlusion resulting in CVA

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33
Q

Middle Cerebral Arterial Occlusion in Left hemisphere

A

Contralateral hemiplegia ( on the right side of the body): primary motor area is lesioned

Contralateral hemiparesthesia (right side of body): primary somatosensory area is lesioned

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34
Q

Middle Cerebral Arterial Occlusion in Left hemisphere

A

Aphasia: Broca or Wernicke area may be lesioned

other language areas may also be damaged

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35
Q

Middle Cerebral Arterial Occlusion in Left hemisphere

A

Cognitive involvement: impairment in cognitive function results from a frontal lobe lesion

Affective invlovment: patient may display emotional lability and depression; known as CATASTROPHIC RESPONSE

36
Q

Middle Cerebral Arterial Occlusion in Right Hemisphere

A

Contralateral hemiplegia ( on left side of body): primary motor area is lesioned

Contralateral Hemiparesthesia ( Left side of body) primary somatosensory areas is lesioned

37
Q

Middle Cerebral Arterial Occlusion in Right Hemisphere

A

Perceptual deficits: left neglect syndromes; damage to the posterior multimodal association area

38
Q

Middle Cerebral Arterial Occlusion in Right Hemisphere

A

Apraxia: anterior multimodal association area, premotor area, and primary motor cortex may be lesioned

39
Q

Middle Cerebral Arterial Occlusion in Right Hemisphere

A

Cognitive invlovement: impairment in cognitive function results from frontal lobe lesion

40
Q

Middle Cerebral Arterial Occlusion in Right Hemisphere

A

Affective involvement: may display euphoria or report a sense of well- being

If a neglect syndrome is present the patient is often unaware of their deficits

41
Q

Posterior Cerebral Arterial Occulsion

A

does not affect the thalamic and hypothalamic functions

42
Q

Posterior Cerebral Arterial Occulsion

A

Lesion may affect:
-memory loss due to temporal lobe involvement

-visual perceptual deficits’ from damage to occipital lobe and posterior multimodal association

43
Q

Posterior Cerebral Arterial Occulsion

A

Visual field cuts result from occlusion to the optic chaism

44
Q

Optic chaism

A

supplied by the posterior communicating arteries which connect to the posterior cerebral arteries

45
Q

Anterior Cerebral Arterial Occlusion

A

Contralateral hemiplegia: often of the lower extremites; primary motor cortex is lesioned

46
Q

Anterior Cerebral Arterial Occlusion

A

Contralateral hemiparesthesia: often the lower extremities’ primary somatosensory area is lesioned

47
Q

Anterior Cerebral Arterial Occlusion

A

Cognitive involvement: due to frontal lobe involvment

48
Q

Anterior Cerebral Arterial Occlusion

A

Apraxia: anterior multimodal association area, premotoe area, and/or primary motor area may be lesioned

49
Q

Anterior Cerebral Arterial Occlusion

A

Affective Involvment: if the left hemisphere is lesioned,
emotional liability and depression may occur

Right hemisphere is lesioned euphoria or emotional dissociation may occur

50
Q

Cerebellar Arterial Occlusion

3 symptoms of cerebellar disorders include:

A

incoordination
ataxia
intention tremors

51
Q

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arterial Occulsion

A

Ipsilateral hypertonicity

hyperactive reflexes

52
Q

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arterial Occulsion

A

Vertigo
nausea
nystagmus
diplopia

53
Q

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arterial Occulsion

A

Ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature on the face

54
Q

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arterial Occulsion

A

contralateral loss of pain and temperature on the trunk and extremities

55
Q

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arterial Occulsion

A

Dysphagia and dysarthria

56
Q

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arterial Occulsion

A

ipsilateral Horner syndrome ( miosis, ptosis)

57
Q

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar and Superior Cerebellar Arterial Occlusion

A 
Ipsilateral ataxia
ipsilateral hypotonicity and hyoreflexia
dysmetria
adiadochokinesia
movement decomposition
asthenia
rebound phenomenon
Staccato voice
ataxic gait
interntion tremors
incoordination
nystagmus
58
Q

Anterior Spinal Artery Occlusion

A

Bilateral motor function loss at and below the lesion

Bilateral loss of pain and temperature at and below the lesion level

59
Q

Vertebral Arterial Occlusion

A

dysphagia may occur

60
Q

Basilar Arterial Occlusion

A

Contralateral hemiplegia
contralateral sensory loss of the body
Ipsilateral sensory loss of the face
medial or internal strabismus

61
Q

Basilar Arterial Occlusion

A

ipsilateral loss of masseter reflex and corneal reflex
Bell palsy and hyperacusis
deviation of the tongue to the affected side
Nystagmus and balance disturbances

62
Q

Thrombic Strokes

A

thrombi are clots formed by plaque development in a vessel wall

63
Q

Most common type of ischemic stroke and occur in atherosclerotic blood vessels

A

Thrombic Strokes

64
Q

Common sites of plaque formation include larger vessels of the brain , including the origin of the internal carotid arteries, vertebral arteries, and the junction of the basilar vertebral arteries

A

Thrombic strokes

65
Q

Usually occur gradually or over time

A

Thrombic strokes

66
Q

Frequently seen in older people with arteriosclerotic heart disease

A

Thrombic Strokes

67
Q

This type of stroke is not associated with exertion or activity and can occur when the person is at rest

A

Thrombic Stokes

68
Q

Small clots located in the deep regions of the brainstem and subcortical structures

A

Lacunar Infarcts

69
Q

Often found in single deeply penetrating arteries that supply the internal capsule, basal ganglia, and brainstem

A

Lacunar Infarcts

70
Q

Commonly result from occlusion of the smaller branches of the large cerebral arteries

A

Lacunar Infarcts

71
Q

Often they are small and usually don’t cause severe impairment

A

Lacunar Infarcts

72
Q

Emboli are clots that dislodge from their site of origin and travel to a cerebral blood vessel, where they become trapped and interrupt blood flow

A

Embolic stroke

73
Q

Embolic strokes often affect the smaller cerebral vessels and the most frequent site is the middle cerebral artery

A

Embolic Strokes

74
Q

This type of stroke commonly has a sudden onset and is associated with the presence of cardiac disease

A

Embolic Strokes

75
Q

This stroke is frequently fatal ,however if patients survive prognosis is generally good

A

Hemorrhagic Stroke

76
Q

This type of stroke results in edema and compression of brain tissue, if not medically treated can become fatal

A

Hemorrhagic Stroke

77
Q

This stroke involves bleeding into brain tissue after the rupture of a blood vessel wall

A

Hemorrhagic Stroke

78
Q

This type of stroke occurs suddenly and is associated with exertion and activity

A

Hemorrhagic Stroke

79
Q

A bulge occurring in a blood vessel wall as a result of clot formation

80
Q

Commonly occur in the circle of Willis or the junction of 2 vessels

A

Berry Aneuryseums

81
Q

Tend to enlarge with time and weaken vessel walls until rupture occurs

82
Q

Mini strokes

A

Transient ischemis attacks ( TIAs)

83
Q

Characterized by focal ischemic cerebral incidents that last less than 24 hours; most TIAs usually last less than 1 to 2 hours

A

Transient ischenis attacks ( TIAs)

84
Q

May provide as a warning of an impending larger strokes

85
Q

Causes include atherosclertic disease and emboli

86
Q

Signs include:
numbness and mild weakness on one side of the body
tansient visual disturbances (blurred vision, fading vision)
dizziness
falls
confusion and possible blackout

OTB510 Neuro (2 decks)

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