Blood sugar regulation

Question 1

Role of liver

Answer 1

Receives glucose via Hepatic portal vein after being absorbed into blood through walls of small intestine.

Removes glucose from blood to provide energy for its functioning.

Converts glucose into glycogen for storage.

Continues sending glucose to circulate as a source of energy for body cells.

Converts large amounts of excess to fat for long term storage.

Question 2

Glycogenesis

Answer 2

Converts glucose into glycogen. Is stimulated by Insulin.

Question 3

Glycogenolysis

Answer 3

Breaks down glycogen into glucose. Stimulated by glucagon.

Question 4

Lipogenesis

Answer 4

Converts glucose into fat in adipose tissue. Causes increase in protein synthesis in cells. Stimulated by Insulin.

Question 5

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 5

Converts fat + amino acids into glucose. Stimulated by glucagon.

Question 6

Role of pancreas

Answer 6

Islets of Langerhans

Cluster of hormone secreting cells in Pancreas.

Alpha cells – secretes Glucagon

Beta cells – secretes Insulin

Question 7

Glucagon

Answer 7

Increases blood sugar.

Stimulates glycogenolysis (glycogen → glucose) in liver.

Stimulates gluconeogenesis (fats + amino acids → glucose)

Question 8

Insulin

Answer 8

Decreases blood sugar.

Stimulates glycogenesis (glucose → glycogen) in liver and muscles.

Increases uptake of glucose from blood into body cells + protein synthesis.

Stimulates lipogenesis (glucose → fat).

Question 9

Increase blood sugar feedback loop

Answer 9

Question 10

Decrease blood sugar feedback loop

Answer 10

Question 11

Role of adrenal glands

Answer 11

Adrenaline

Increases blood sugar.

Stimulates glycogenolysis (glycogen → glucose).

Converts glycogen → lactic acid → glucose.

Cortisol

Increases blood sugar.

Stimulates glycogenolysis (glycogen → glucose) in liver.

Stimulates gluconeogenesis (fats + amino acids → glucose).

Removal of amino acids from muscle cells.

Question 12

Increase blood sugar feedback loop - Adrenal glands

Answer 12