Blood Stuff

Question 1

Megaloblastic anemia

Answer 1

Caused by B12 deficiency. Cause DNA problems

Question 2

Pan-cytopenia

Answer 2

Decrease in all cells.

Could be caused by splenic sequestration. (Leading to splenomegaly)

Question 3

Increased peripheral utilization

Answer 3

Because of overwhelming infections (bacterial, fungal, Ricketts), drugs

Question 4

Agranulocytosis

Answer 4

Reduction in neutrophils.

Susceptible to bacterial, fungal infections

Question 5

How hypercellular bone marrow compensates

Answer 5

With peripheral neutrophil destruction

Question 6

Lymphocytopenia

Answer 6

Decreased circulating lymphocytes.

Due to drugs, autoimmune, endocrine problems

Question 7

Leukocytosis

Answer 7

Increase in number of white blood cells
Caused by:
Newborns, pregnancy, early reaction to diseases

Question 8

LAP

Answer 8

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
“Leukomoid”: increase in LAP
Leukemia: decrease in LAP

Question 9

Basophilia

Answer 9

Immature -type hypersensitivity, CML

Question 10

Monocytosis

Answer 10

Chronic inflammation (TB, bacterial endocarditis, UC, SLE)

Question 11

Follicular hyperplasia

Answer 11

B cell problem (RA, toxoplasmosis, early HIV)

Question 12

Para-cortical hyperplasia

Answer 12

T cells activated, viral infection

Question 13

Sinus hyperplasia

Answer 13

Tissue macrophages are lining sinuses

Question 14

Aplastic Anemia

Answer 14

BM failure, susceptible to infection, bleeding

Question 15

If fucose transferase absent,

Answer 15

Type Oh (Bombay), due to frameshift mutation

Question 16

Epistasis/modifier gene

Answer 16

Gives RBCs or plasma reduced penetrance

Question 17

Le

Answer 17

Lewish = most common reason for incompatability between materials matched for ABO and Rh

Question 18

Kell Ag

Answer 18

Large protein with antigenic response .

Absence of Kell: aconocytes, shortened RBC life

Question 19

Duffy

Answer 19

Fya, Fyb. Delayed hemolytic transcription reaction.