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Med Surg 3 > Blood products > Flashcards

Blood products Flashcards

1
Q

BLOOD ADMINISTRATION: TYPING

A

-blood is grouped according to the presence or absence of specific antigen

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2
Q

RH (RHESUS) FACTOR

A
  • the presence or absence of the RH antigen “D” on the surface of the RBC’s determine the classification of RH- positive (85%) or negative
  • if a person is RH negative they can only receive negative blood
  • if a person is RH positive they can receive Rh positive or negative blood
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3
Q

BLOOD CROSSMATCHING

A
  • done to decrease the potential for reaction

- mixing the recipient’s serum with the donor’s RBC followed by the addition of a direct coomb’s test

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4
Q

BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS

A
  • O negative is the universal donor

- AB+ is the universal recipient

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5
Q

FIVE TYPES OF TRANSFUSABLE BLOOD PRODUCTS

A
  • whole blood
  • red blood cells
  • platelets
  • plasma
  • cryoprecipitate
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6
Q

USE OF DONATED BLOOD PRODUCTS POST-COLLECTION

A

RBC’s - within 42 days
PLT’s - within 5 days
plasma and cryo- stored frozen and may be used up to one year

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7
Q

WHOLE BLOOD

A
  • replenishes both volume and oxygen carrying capacity
  • emergency and acute trauma
  • 500ml of volume per unit
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8
Q

PRBC’S

A
  • prevents circulatory overload
  • 80% of the plasma has been removed
  • hemoglobin <10g/dl
  • hematocrit <10g/dl
  • each unit should increase the hematocrit about 3%
  • one unit over 2-4 hours
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9
Q

PLATELETS

A

-given when platelets are less the 20,000 or with active bleeding

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10
Q

PLASMA

A

-contains a lot of clotting factors and provides volume (250ml/unit) or INR > 1.7

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11
Q

ALBUMIN

A

-100ml acts like 500ml of plasma in provding volume into intravascular space

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12
Q

CRYOPRECIPITATE

A

given when fibrinogen level less than or equal to 100 milligrams/dl

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13
Q

AUTOLOGOUS BLOOD

A
  • safest way to receive a transfusion
  • pre operative donation
  • donation at least 3 days prior to surgery
  • can not if hemoglobin is less than 11g/dl
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14
Q

BLOOD ADMINISTRATION STEPS

A
  • check the orders and consent
  • “no blood” status
  • check labs
  • blood bank administration band
  • assess vitals: temp
  • patient teaching
  • check your IV site condition and patency
  • IV tubing set up NS only
  • start blood transfusion within 30 min of receiving it
  • bedside check with a licensed personnel
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15
Q

IV SITE

A
  • check the gauge of the catheter
  • what the site looks like
  • flush
  • if a new central line make sure that it has been cleared by x-ray
  • no medication can run with the blood only normal saline
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16
Q

PRE-MEDICATION

A

history of an allergic reaction may be ordered to receive:

  • Tylenol
  • Benadryl
17
Q

CHECKING LABEL

A
  • patients full name
  • medical record number
  • blood bank armband number
  • unit number
  • blood component type
  • ABO/RH type compatibility
  • expiration date
  • signature by two licensed
18
Q

BLOOD ADMINISTRATION

A
  • put on protective gear
  • blood tubing with filter and NS
  • flush line with saline
  • no medication in line
  • start infusion no faster than 50ml over 15 min
  • remain with the patient over the 1st 15 min
  • administer one unit over 2-4hrs
  • check vitals and observe patient per protocol
  • blood bags and tubing go into red bag trash
19
Q

BLOOD ADMINISTRATION

A
  • warmer -hypothermia
  • blood filters good for up to 2 units or 6 hours
  • new IV pumps wont crush RBC in blood
20
Q

COMPLICATIONS

A
  • circulatory overload
  • hypothermia
  • citrate toxicity
  • hypocalcemia
  • hyperkalemia
21
Q

TRANSFUSION REACTION : ALLERGIC

A
  • flushing
  • itching
  • rash
  • wheezing/ stridor
  • hives
  • laryngeal edema
  • anaphylaxis
  • tachycardia
22
Q

TRANSFUSION REACTION : FEBRILE

A
  • chills
  • fever
  • headache
  • palpitations
  • cough
  • chest tightness
  • increased heart rate
  • muscle pain
23
Q

TRANSFUSION REACTION: HEMOLYTIC

A
  • chills fever
  • chest pain
  • flushing
  • diaphoresis
  • increased heart rate
  • flank pain
  • hemoglobinuria
  • MAY OCCUR UP TO 14DAYS POST INFUSION
24
Q

TRANSFUSION REACTION: SEPSIS

A
  • sudden onset chills
  • very high fevers
  • abdominal cramping
  • diarrhea
  • hypotension
  • shock
  • signs of renal failure
25
Q

TRANSFUSION REACTION

A

STOP INFUSION

  • take vitals q 15 min
  • NS at KVO
  • notify MD
  • notify blood bank
  • collect blood and urine samples
  • follow MD instructions and facility protocols
  • place on strict I and O
  • Do not discard blood or tubing
  • documentation

Med Surg 3 (5 decks)

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