Blood Pressure_Flow_Pupils

Question 1

4 factors affecting blood pressure

Answer 1

1. force
2. amount
3. size
4. flexibility

Question 2

RAS

Answer 2

right arm, sitting

Question 3

Small areas of local hypoxia known as “cotton wool spots” in the ___ ____ _____ of the retina.

Answer 3

Nerve Fiber Layer

Question 4

Hypertensive Retinopathy

Answer 4

manifestation of the disease process of increased blood pressure in the eye.

• flame hemaorrhage
• hard exudates
• papilloedema
• cotton wool spot

Question 5

Papilledema

Answer 5

optic nerve swollen

Question 6

Sphygmanometer

Answer 6

Blood Pressure Cuff

Question 7

Korotkoff Sounds

Answer 7

I: soft tapping, systolic reading
II: swishing murmur
III: crisper sound
IV: abrupt sound muffling
V: disappearance of sounds

Question 8

Flow

Answer 8

1. prepare in advance
2. arrange tests for technical convenience
3. don’t stop to record
4. keep moving/don’t waste motions
5. Time wasted is Time wasted

Question 9

Pupils:

Parasympathetic System

Answer 9

miosis
pupillary light reflex
NT: Ach –> iris sphincter

Question 10

The fibers of the pupil leave the optic tract and enter the brachium of the superior/inferior coliculus –> the pupil fibers head for the midbrain to the _________ nucleus.
This is an efferent/afferent pathway.

Answer 10

Brachium of the superior coliculus –> pretectal nucleus; Afferent.

Question 11

Efferent Pathway:
Pretectal nucleus –> Edinger-westphal nucleus –> CN ____ back to eye –> (synapse) at ciliary ganglion –> (final destination?) ____ ___________

Answer 11

Edinger-westphal nucleus –> CN III back to the eye –> ciliary ganglion –> iris sphincter

CONSTRICTION CONSTRICTION

Question 12

Anisocoria

Answer 12

Pupil size difference of more than 0.5 mm

Question 13

Amaurotic pupil

Answer 13

blind pupil

no DIRECT light reflex

Question 14

Hutchinson’s pupil

Answer 14

unilateral, fixed, dilated pupil