Blood pressure terms, values, significance

Question 1

Define Systolic pressure

Answer 1

maximum pressure recorded during a cardiac cycle

- it is recorded during ventricular systole. because pressure is maximum during ventricular systole.

Question 2

Normal value range of systolic pressure

Answer 2

100- 119 mm Hg

Question 3

systolic pressr. range for prehypertensive state

Answer 3

120-139 mm Hg

Question 4

systolic pressr. range for hypertensive state

Answer 4

140 or >140 mm Hg

Question 5

significance of systolic pressure

Answer 5

since systolic pressure depends on cardiac O/P, it increases when C.O increases.
also, systolic pressure depends on compliance of the arteries. with advancing age, the arteries become stiff and so the systolic pressure increases.
in stiff vessels, the ability to contain a particular amount of blood is less when compared to normal vessels.

Question 6

define diastolic pressure

Answer 6

minimum pressure recorded during the cardiac cycle.

- it is recorded during diastole. because, minimum pressure is recorded during diastole.

Question 7

normal range of diastolic pressure

Answer 7

60-79 mm Hg

Question 8

diastolic pressr range for prehypertensive state

Answer 8

80- 89 mm Hg

Question 9

diastolic pressr range for hypertensive state

Answer 9

90 or >90 mm Hg

Question 10

significance of diastolic pressure

Answer 10

diastolic pressure primarily depends on peripheral resistance. so, it changes with alterations in peripheral resistance.
peripheral resistance in turn depends on:
- diameter of blood vessel
- viscosity of blood
vasoconstriction increases diastolic pressr.
vasodilation decreases diastolic pressure

Question 11

define pulse pressure

Answer 11

difference b/w the systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Question 12

normal value of pulse pressure (range)

Answer 12

20-50 mmHg

Question 13

significance of pulse presssure

Answer 13

it is the pulse pressure that maintains the pulsatile nature of blood flow in the vascular compartment. this nature is essential for tissue perfusion

Question 14

define mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Answer 14

the average pressure recorded during the cardiac cycle.
since, the duration of systole is less than that of diastole, the MAP is less than the value halfway between systolic and diastolic pressure

Question 15

formula to calculate MAP

Answer 15

DBP + 1/3 PP

Question 16

normal value of MAP (Range)

Answer 16

75- 105 mmHg

Question 17

significance of MAP

Answer 17

it is the MAP that helps in forward movement of blood flow in the lumen of blood vessels. it also maintains tissue perfusion

Question 18

define pulse

Answer 18

arterial pulse is defined as the rhythmic expansion of the arterial wall due to transmission of pressure waves along the walls of the arteries that r produced during each systole of the heart

Question 19

name the vital signs

Answer 19

pulse
blood pressure
respiration
temperature

Question 20

radial pulse 
(clinical importance of pulse)

Answer 20

radial pulse is examined to asses the arterial pulse. pulse is one of the vital signs of the living being. examination of pulse gives us info about the functioning of the heart and hemodynamic conditions like the blood pressure and the condition of the vessels.

Question 21

are pulse rate and the heart rate the same?

Answer 21

yes but only in the normal conditions.

Question 22

normal pulse rate?

Answer 22

60-100/min

Question 23

what is a pulse deficit?

Answer 23

the difference between the pulse rate and the heart rate is called as the pulse deficit.
normally, there is no pulse deficit.

Question 24

tachycardia

Answer 24

> 100/min–> pulse rate or heart rate

Question 25

bradycardia

Answer 25

<60/min–> pulse rate or heart rate

Question 26

normal variation of heart rate due to age

Answer 26

in children, heart rate is more

in elderly, it’s less

Question 27

determinants of BP

Answer 27

age
gender
eating
sleep
emotion, excitement, stress
exercise
posture
tempreature
pregnancy

factors affecting BP
preload
afterload
myocardial contractility
heart rate.

Question 28

neurogenic hypertension

Answer 28

hypertension caused by strong sympathetic activation due to excitement or anxiety. here, peripheral vasoconstriction occurs and hypertension develops.