Blood Pressure Regulation

Question 1

How do baroreceptors regulate blood pressure?

Answer 1

Rapidly and are very sensitive to changes

Question 2

What are chemoreceptors sensitive to when regulating blood pressure?

Answer 2

-Lack of oxygen
-increase CO2
-decrease pH

Question 3

When is the chemoreceptors response activated?

Answer 3

When pressure falls below 80mmHg

Question 4

What is the CNS ischemic response?

Answer 4

Body’s response to not receiving enough blood and casues the Cushing reaction

Question 5

What is the Cushing reaction?

Answer 5

Increased pressure of CSF around the brain

Question 6

When is CNS ischemic response activated?

Answer 6

When pressure falls below 60mmHg

Question 7

How long does it take for the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system to respond to changes in blood pressure?

Answer 7

Minutes

Question 8

What is the general flow of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system?

Answer 8

-low BP cause renin release
-renin acts on angiotensinogen which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II via ACE
-causes vasoconstriction and renal retention of salt and O2
-increases arteriole pressure and plasma volume

Question 9

How long does it take for the kidney to regulate Na+ and H2O in response to blood pressure?

Answer 9

In a few hours to days

Question 10

What is the carotid sinus? Where is it located?

Answer 10

Dilation in the ICA located above the bifurcation of the common cartotid artery

Question 11

Which nerve controls the AFFERENT effects of the carotid sinus?

Answer 11

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 12

Which nerve controls the EFFERENT effects of the carotid sinus?

Answer 12

Vagus nerve

Question 13

Which receptors cause vasoconstriction?

Answer 13

Alpha 1

Question 14

Which receptors cause vasodilation?

Answer 14

Beta 2 or M3

Question 15

Which neurotransmitter does vasoconstrictor nerves use?

Answer 15

Norepinephrine

Question 16

Which neurotransmitter does the adrenal medulla use?

Answer 16

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 17

Which neurotransmitter does Beta 2 use?

Answer 17

Epinephrine

Question 18

How does the valsalva maneuver affect the blood pressure?

Answer 18

Causes the blood pressure to rise due to the onset of strain

Question 19

Atrial natriuretic peptide is released from __________ in response to what?

Answer 19

Atrial myocytes, increased blood volume and atrial pressure

Question 20

B type natriuretic peptide is released from ____________ in response to what?

Answer 20

Ventricular myocytes, increased tension