Blood pressure pharmacology Flashcards
What is a normal level for systolic and diastolic pressure
<140 , <85
What is essential hypertension
Not a 100% clear cause but a good idea of the risk factors to what’s caused hypertension
What is secondary hypertension
Clear consequence of a clinical condition
What is a potential cause of essential hypertension
Mean arterial blood pressure changes over time - (CO x total peripheral resistance) CO tends to decrease, TPR goes up - damage to vessel walls
How does renal disease cause secondary hypertension
Nephron function is impaired - increase in total blood volume - causes more damage to the kidney - more kidney failure
What is renal artery stenosis
A reduction in the diameter of the renal artery - renin production dependent on stretch receptors in the renal artery so more renin produced - more angiotensin II - more water retention - high BP
What is a pheochomocytoma
tumour of the chromaffin cells in the adrenal gland - causes increased secretion of adrenaline into the blood supply increasing blood pressure
How is retinal damage caused by hypertension
Hypertensive retinopathy - Light reflected in different ways due to changes in arterial pressure - white spots can be seen due to haemorrhage
What non-pharmacological treatments are in place for hypertension
weight loss, exercise, diet, reduced salt, alcohol and caffeine intake
What pharmacological treatments are in place
Diuretics - thiazides - increase Na and Cl secretion
Sympatholytics - alpha blockers - clonidine reduces CNS sympathetic output - Prazosin - relaxes smooth muscle and reduced total peripheral resistance
Beta blockers - propranolol reduces heart rate and contractility
Calcium channel blockers
ACE inhibitors
AGII inhibitors
