Blood Pressure Abnormalities

Question 1

Causes of postural hypotension?

Answer 1

antihypertensive medications, autonomic vasomotor dysfunction, prolonged bed rest, pheochromocytoma, heart failure, adrenal cortical insufficiency, internal hemorrhages, diuretics etc.

Question 2

Chronotropic response significance in postural hypotension?

Answer 2

If a patient has reduction in MAP without concomitant chronotropic response, it is suggestive of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension.

Question 3

In patients with vagal insufficiency the pulse rate will be ?

Answer 3

High

Question 4

Blood pressure is the product of?

Answer 4

Cardiac output X peripheral resistance

Question 5

Definition and mechanism of pulsus paradox?

Answer 5

It is a drop in SBP during inspiration, while the pulse is palpable and the central heart rate remains the same.

Question 6

Mechanism of pulsus paradox?

Answer 6

The high negative intrapleural pressure increases the filling of the right atrium and right ventricle. The increased right ventricular volume pushes the septum to the left ventricular outflow tract leading to a reduction in left ventricular stroke volume. The abnormal pulsus paradox is usually caused by augmentation of these mechanisms.

Question 7

What is the cut off of pulsus paradox?

Answer 7

An inspiratory drop of 10% in SBP as compared to the SBP in expiration