Blood pressure

Question 1

Define mean arterial pressure

Answer 1

The mean of pressures throughout systole and diastole

Question 2

Define pulse pressure

Answer 2

The difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure

Question 3

MAP formula

Answer 3

MAP= CO*TPR

Question 4

Since MAP depends on CO and TPR determinants of these variables effect MAP. What are determinants of TRP

Answer 4

Vasodilators- prostoglandins, Kinins, NO, sympathetic alpha agonists
Vasoconstrictors- angotensin, catecholamines, sympathetic beta agonists

Question 5

Determinants of CO

Answer 5

Heart rate, inotropic state, neural.

Volume control; renin angiotensin, pressure natriuresis, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic factor

Question 6

What effect does stroke volume have on pulse pressure

Answer 6

The bigger the stroke volume the bigger the pulse pressure as the systolic pressure is raised

Question 7

What effect would a highly compliant aorta have on pulse pressure. And what effect does age have on pulse pressure

Answer 7

It would decrease pulse pressure as systolic pressure is decreased. Pulse pressure goes up in age as compliance reduces.

Question 8

What effect does TPR have on diastolic pressure

Answer 8

Increasing TPR reduces diastolic runoff and thus increases diastolic pressure and therefore decreases pulse pressure

Question 9

Describe the Bernoulli principle

Answer 9

That the total energy of laminar flow without resistance is constant and is the sum of pressure energy, gravitational energy, kinetic energy