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Cardiac > Blood Pressure > Flashcards

Blood Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

How fast should the cuff be deflated in BP measurement?

A

2 - 3 mmHg/s

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2
Q

What is the ratio of sBP:dBP:PP

A

3 : 2 :1

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3
Q

Is MAP closer to systolic or diastolic pressure?

A

Diastolic

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4
Q

What is the result of choosing a blood pressure cuff that is too small?

A

Over-estimation of BP

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5
Q

What is the result of choosing a blood pressure cuff that is too big?

A

Under-estimation of BP

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6
Q

What are the ranges for maximum arm circumference for small, standard and large blood pressure cuffs?

A

Small - 26cm
Standard - 33cm
Large - 50cm

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7
Q

What is a K1 Korotkov sound?

A

Faint tapping - artery just open
- Systolic pressure

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8
Q

What is a K5 Korotkov sound?

A

No sound - artery completely open
- Diastolic pressure

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9
Q

What is the auscultatory gap?

A

In hypertensive patients, sounds may disappear for a few seconds before the next sound reappears

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10
Q

How should you calculate blood pressure and how many readings should you take?

A

Take 2 readings - both should be within 10mmHg and use the average

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11
Q

What percentage of UK adults does hypertension affect?

A

1 in 4
- note: this rises to 50% in over 60s

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12
Q

What is stage 1 hypertension?

A

Clinic Systolic pressure > 140 / 90 mmHg

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13
Q

What is stage 2 hypertension?

A

Clinic Systolic pressure > 160 / 100 mmHg

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14
Q

What is severe hypertension?

A

Clinic Systolic pressure > 180 / 120 mmHg

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15
Q

What are the ranges for acceptably medically controlled hypertension?

A

Under 80 = 140/90 mmHg
Over 80 = 160/100 mmHg

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16
Q

What is the next stage when patient returns a clinic blood pressure between 140/90mmHg - 180/120mmHg?

A

Offer ambulatory BP monitoring to confirm hypertension diagnosis

17
Q

What is the criteria for acceptable ABPM results?

A
  1. At least 2 measurements per hour during the persons usual waking hours
  2. At least 14 measurements
18
Q

What is the criteria for acceptable HBPM results?

A
  1. 2 consecutive measurements at least 2 mins apart
  2. BP measured twice a day for at least 4 days, ideally 1 week
  3. Measurements on first day are discarded
  4. Average of remaining results are used
19
Q

What are the 4 initial recommended tests to offer patient following hypertension diagnosis?

A
  1. Urine protein content - albumin:creatinine ratio
  2. Blood sample - cholesterol, GFR, HbA1C
  3. Examine fundi for hypertensive retinopathy
  4. 12-lead ECG
20
Q

What are the 2 main drugs of choice for treating hypertension in patients under 55 or type 2 diabetics?

A
  1. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
  2. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
21
Q

What is the medication of choice for over 55s non-diabetics or are Black-African or Afro-Caribbean?

A

Calcium channel blockers

22
Q

What is a potential side effect of Ca channel blockers?

A

Oedema

Cardiac (7 decks)

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