Blood Plasma Flashcards
What is the difference between interstitial fluid and plasma?
Main difference - plasma has more protein
Plasma - 7%, 3 L
IF - 36% 15 L
- the rest is intracellular - 55% 23 L
What category of fluid does ocular and CSF come under?
Transcellular - 2% of body water
What percentage is each component of blood?
Plasma - 55%
Red cells - 45%
Buffy coat - 1% ( white blood cells and platelets )
- have to centrifuge, add anti coagulant
What is Apheresis?
Blood collected and centrifuged for further use
What is plasma exchange used for?
Treatment of multiple sclerosis and myeloma
What is Low density lipid removal used for?
Treatment of Px prone to atherosclerosis
What is red cell exchange used for?
Treatment of sickle cell
What is platelet depletion used for?
Treatment of disorders of haemeostasis
What is white blood cell depletion used for?
Treatment of leukaemia
What is the difference between serum and plasma?
Serum is after letting blood clot, so clotting factors become depleted and trapping platelets within the clot
- serum can generate cleaner samplel but takes longer to generate than plasma
What 6 roles does plasma play?
- Clotting
- Immune defence
- Osmotic pressure maintenance
- Metabolism
- Endocrine
- Excretion
What are the two major plasma proteins?
Albumin and globulins
globulins have subtypes
Where is serum albumin produced?
Liver
makes up 55% of total plasma proteins
What are the functions of serum albumins?
Transport of lipids, hormones, ions,
Maintaining osmotic pressure
How are alpha globulins named?
Alpha 1 globulins : alpha 1 antitrypsin ( A1AT )
Alpha 2 globulins : haptoglobin and a2-macroglobin
What does A1AT do?
Made in liver
Inhibits proteases, protects tissues e.g. from neutrophil elastase which is released during inflammation
What can defective A1AT lead to?
Compromise lung degradation - loss of elasticity and respiratory problems
What does haptoglobin do?
Binds to Hb - becomes a complex which is removed by the spleen
What do measuring levels of haptoglobin tell you?
Helpful in diagnosis of haemolytic anaemia
What does a2-macroglobin do?
broad protease inhibitor - inactivate fibrinolysis
Give examples of beta globulins?
C3 C4 - complement cascade proteins
Transferrin - iron transport
Give examples of gamma globulins?
Immunoglobulins
C-reactive protein
- increased gamma globulins may reflect increase immune activity
What type of ions are proteins, nucleic acids, phosphorylated proteins?
Anions
Why is Ca2+ levels associated with signalling?
Because it is 1000x less in the cells than outside, an increase intracellular levels can signal something
