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Heme/Onc > Blood physiology - H/O > Flashcards

Blood physiology - H/O Flashcards

1
Q

Blood components

A

54% plasma
45% RBC/Erythrocytes
1% WBC and platelets

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2
Q

What makes up Plasma

A

91% water
7% proteins: Albumin, antibodies, coagulation proteins, lipoproteins
2% nutrients, hormones and electrolyes

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3
Q

What are the WBC/leukocytes

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Basophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Monocytes
  • Lymphocytes
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4
Q

Neutrophils

A

Granulated

  • 1st line of defense
  • phagocytosis
  • MC WBC
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5
Q

Basophil

A
  • granulated
  • similar to mast cell
  • mediate inflammation
  • secrete histamine and serotonin
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6
Q

Eosinophil

A
  • granulated
  • allergic rxns
  • phagocytosis
  • release histamine
  • parasitic infections
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7
Q

Monocyte

A
  • NOT granulated

- turns into macrophage and dendritic cell

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8
Q

Lymphocyte

A
  • B and T cells
  • Adaptive immune response
  • recognize antigens and invaders
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9
Q

Platelets/thrombocytes

A
  • anuclear
  • cell fragment of megakaryocytes
  • attach to interstitial epithelial collagen to make a plug
  • release fibrinogen -> fibrin which makes the glue and basis of a clot
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10
Q

Leukocytosis

A

increased number of WBC

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11
Q

Neutrophilia

A
  • Increased number of nutrophils
  • bacterial infection (aka reactive leukocytosis), cigarettes, corticosteroids, stress, ARF, hyperthyroidism, collagen vascular disease
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12
Q

Lymphocytosis

A
  • increased # of lymphocytes

- virus, toxoplasmosis, pertussis

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13
Q

Monocytosis

A
  • increased number of monocytes

- TB, listeria, brucella, fungi, parasites

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14
Q

Eosinophilia

A
  • increased number of eosinophils

- parasites, asthma, allergies, PAN, RA

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15
Q

Basophilia

A
  • increased # of basophils

- myeloproliferative disorders

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16
Q

Leukopenia (aka Leukocytopenia, or Neutropenia)

A

-decreased number of WBC
caused by:
-chemo, immunosuppressants, neuropsych meds (clozapine, depakote, lamictal, wellbutrin)
-radiation therapy
-viral infections (HIV)
-bacterial infections (Brucella)
-aplastic anemia (although anemia, this is basically a pancytopenia)

17
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

increased number of platelets

  • myeloproliferative syndromes
  • Essential Thrombocytosis
18
Q

Thrombocytopenia (TCP

A

decreased number of platelets

decreased production

  • marrow failure or replacement
  • toxins/meds
  • decreased plt survival

increased destruction or consumption

  • hypersplenism
  • Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
  • Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
  • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
19
Q

Hemostasis

A
  • process of how blood stays fluid and free of clots, but can become solid and clot when there is vessel injury
  • normal clotting after a laceration
  • fluid blood when the vessels are normal
  • blood is fluid when it should be, and becomes solid when there is endothelial damage
  • depends on interactions between: endothelium, platelets, coagulation cascade (CC)
  • a Bleeding Disorder (aka Hypocoagulable State, or Disorder of Hemostasis) is due to abnormal platelets or an abnormal coagulation cascade
20
Q

Thrombosis

A
  • a pathological process in which clotting occurs in an intact vascular system
  • thrombotic stoke
  • Embolus: a thrombus which breaks free from its origin and fragments to other sites ie: pulmonary embolism

due to:

  • abnormal activation of the coagulation cascade
  • abnormal interactions between endothelium and platelets
  • a Clotting Disorder (aka Hypercoagulable State, or Disorder of Thrombosis), is influenced by Virchow’s Triad
21
Q

Bleeding Disorders

A

Hypocoagulable States
Disorders of Hemostasis

  1. Clotting Factor Deficiencies
  2. Abnormal Platelet Function
    a. Myeloproliferative Dz (MPD)
    b. vonWillebrand’s Disease
    c. meds
    d. chronic disease
  3. Thrombocytopenic Purpura
    a. idiopathic (ITP)
    b. thrombotic (TTP)
    c. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
  4. Coagulopathies
    a. Hemophilia
    b. VitK Deficiency
    c. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
    d. meds
22
Q

Clotting Disorders

A

Hypercoagulable States
Disorders of Thrombosis

  1. Factor V Leiden
  2. Protein C or S Deficiencies
  3. Antiphospholipid Syndrome
  4. DIC
  5. meds

Heme/Onc (8 decks)

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