Blood Physiology

Question 1

What are Biologicals?

Answer 1

Recombinant proteins made in bulk to treat disease i.e. EPO and Insulin.

Question 2

What are New Wave Drugs?

Answer 2

These are Anti-cancer vaccines. Isolating blood cells and modifying them to create a specific immune response.

Question 3

What is the total volume of blood? In a male vs. female?

Answer 3

Total volume is 5.5L. Males have more blood than females.

Question 4

What is the range of RBC count?

Answer 4

4.8-5.5 million

Question 5

What is the WBC count?

Answer 5

6,000-11,000

Question 6

Neutrophil count?

Answer 6

3000-6000

Question 7

Eosinophil count?

Answer 7

150-300

Question 8

Basophil count?

Answer 8

0-100

Question 9

Lymphocyte count?

Answer 9

1500-4000

Question 10

Monocyte count?

Answer 10

300-600

Question 11

Platelet count?

Answer 11

200,000-500,000

Question 12

What are the constituents of Plasma?

Answer 12

electrolytes, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, enzymes, metabolites

Question 13

What are some of the proteins in plasma?

Answer 13

Albumin, globulin, transferrin, lipoproteins, plasma proteins.

Question 14

What are the cellular components of a hematocrit?

Answer 14

Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil, Monocyte, Lymphocyte, Platelets

Question 15

A “serious infection” would see an increase in which cell type?

Answer 15

Monocytes

Question 16

Which hematocrit cell would be markedly increased in CML?

Answer 16

Basophils

Question 17

Which hematocrit cell type is decreased from poisoning, vitamin B12 deficiency and chemo?

Answer 17

Neutrophils

Question 18

Which hemp cell type is decreased from bleeding?

Answer 18

Platelets

Question 19

Which hemo cell type is decreased from leukemias, stress, genetic disease, and glucocorticoids?

Answer 19

Monocytes

Question 20

Destruction of which cells can lead to Pancytopenia?

Answer 20

Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell

Question 21

What cells are part of the stroma of BM?

Answer 21

fat cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelial cells

Question 22

What were some of the important cytokines discussed in hematopoiesis?

Answer 22

• GM-CSF–> grow neutrophils and monocytes
• G-CSF –> grow neutrophils
• M-CSF –> grow monocytes
• SCF –> grow pluripotent stem cells

Question 23

Why is vitamin B12 required in hematopoiesis?

Answer 23

It is required for DNA synthesis

Question 24

What is the difference between cytopenia and cytosine?

Answer 24

The former is a DECREASE in cell count and the latter is an INCREASE in the cell count.

Question 25

What ligand/receptor interaction keeps hematopoietic stem cells in the BM?

Answer 25

The CXCL12/CXCR4 interaction.

Question 26

What does "agglutins" mean?

Answer 26

This refers to antibodies in the blood that agglutinates either A or B expressing erythrocytes.

Question 27

What is the difference in antibody characteristics of A type vs. B type?

Answer 27

- A type = anti-B antibodies | - B type = anti-A antibodies

Question 28

Describe Erythroblastosis fetalis:

Answer 28

A man and a woman have a baby that is heterosygous for the Rh factor. Since this is a heterozygous dominant trait the baby is +. Disease: Mother becomes sensitized and makes anti-Rh antibodies that can allglutinate fetal blood, so that in subsequent pregnancies, the baby is at risk.

Question 29

What is the treatment for Erythroblastosis Fetaiis?

Answer 29

"Anti-D antibody" is given to a mother expectant of having a baby.

Question 30

Graft vs. Host Disease can occur in a patient with a Bone Marrow Transplant.

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

"It is always optimal to give a blood transfusion of the same blood group as the recipient; however, in emergency situations, a patient with AB Rh+ blood group can receive blood of any type:

Answer 31

True or False?

Question 32

What does MHC Class I include?

Answer 32

HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C --> to present to CD8 cytotoxic T cells

Question 33

What does MHC Class II include?

Answer 33

HLA-D, DR, DQ, and DP --> to present to CD4 T cells

Question 34

Where does lymphopoiesis occur for B and T cells?

Answer 34

Both T and B cells originate in the BM. T cells go to the Thymus to mature and B cells go to the BM to mature.

Question 35

T lymphocytes love to see allogenic MHC:

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What is a common complication of bone marrow transplants?

Answer 36

- T cells present in the graft cell recognize their new host as foreign and produce cytokines. - Liver, skin, and mucosa is affected

Question 37

Chronic leukemia includes which types of cells?

Answer 37

Immature and mature. (myelocytes, metamyelocytes, band cells)

Question 38

Acute leukemia includes which types of cells?

Answer 38

Immature cells only i.e. lymphoblasts.