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Medical Physiology > Blood Physiology > Flashcards

Blood Physiology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are Biologicals?

A

Recombinant proteins made in bulk to treat disease i.e. EPO and Insulin.

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2
Q

What are New Wave Drugs?

A

These are Anti-cancer vaccines. Isolating blood cells and modifying them to create a specific immune response.

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3
Q

What is the total volume of blood? In a male vs. female?

A

Total volume is 5.5L. Males have more blood than females.

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4
Q

What is the range of RBC count?

A

4.8-5.5 million

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5
Q

What is the WBC count?

A

6,000-11,000

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6
Q

Neutrophil count?

A

3000-6000

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7
Q

Eosinophil count?

A

150-300

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8
Q

Basophil count?

A

0-100

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9
Q

Lymphocyte count?

A

1500-4000

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10
Q

Monocyte count?

A

300-600

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11
Q

Platelet count?

A

200,000-500,000

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12
Q

What are the constituents of Plasma?

A

electrolytes, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, enzymes, metabolites

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13
Q

What are some of the proteins in plasma?

A

Albumin, globulin, transferrin, lipoproteins, plasma proteins.

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14
Q

What are the cellular components of a hematocrit?

A

Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil, Monocyte, Lymphocyte, Platelets

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15
Q

A “serious infection” would see an increase in which cell type?

A

Monocytes

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16
Q

Which hematocrit cell would be markedly increased in CML?

A

Basophils

17
Q

Which hematocrit cell type is decreased from poisoning, vitamin B12 deficiency and chemo?

A

Neutrophils

18
Q

Which hemp cell type is decreased from bleeding?

A

Platelets

19
Q

Which hemo cell type is decreased from leukemias, stress, genetic disease, and glucocorticoids?

A

Monocytes

20
Q

Destruction of which cells can lead to Pancytopenia?

A

Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell

21
Q

What cells are part of the stroma of BM?

A

fat cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelial cells

22
Q

What were some of the important cytokines discussed in hematopoiesis?

A
  • GM-CSF–> grow neutrophils and monocytes
  • G-CSF –> grow neutrophils
  • M-CSF –> grow monocytes
  • SCF –> grow pluripotent stem cells
23
Q

Why is vitamin B12 required in hematopoiesis?

A

It is required for DNA synthesis

24
Q

What is the difference between cytopenia and cytosine?

A

The former is a DECREASE in cell count and the latter is an INCREASE in the cell count.

25
Q

What ligand/receptor interaction keeps hematopoietic stem cells in the BM?

A

The CXCL12/CXCR4 interaction.

26
Q

What does “agglutins” mean?

A

This refers to antibodies in the blood that agglutinates either A or B expressing erythrocytes.

27
Q

What is the difference in antibody characteristics of A type vs. B type?

A
  • A type = anti-B antibodies

- B type = anti-A antibodies

28
Q

Describe Erythroblastosis fetalis:

A

A man and a woman have a baby that is heterosygous for the Rh factor. Since this is a heterozygous dominant trait the baby is +.

Disease: Mother becomes sensitized and makes anti-Rh antibodies that can allglutinate fetal blood, so that in subsequent pregnancies, the baby is at risk.

29
Q

What is the treatment for Erythroblastosis Fetaiis?

A

“Anti-D antibody” is given to a mother expectant of having a baby.

30
Q

Graft vs. Host Disease can occur in a patient with a Bone Marrow Transplant.

A

TRUE

31
Q

“It is always optimal to give a blood transfusion of the same blood group as the recipient; however, in emergency situations, a patient with AB Rh+ blood group can receive blood of any type:

A

True or False?

32
Q

What does MHC Class I include?

A

HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C –> to present to CD8 cytotoxic T cells

33
Q

What does MHC Class II include?

A

HLA-D, DR, DQ, and DP –> to present to CD4 T cells

34
Q

Where does lymphopoiesis occur for B and T cells?

A

Both T and B cells originate in the BM. T cells go to the Thymus to mature and B cells go to the BM to mature.

35
Q

T lymphocytes love to see allogenic MHC:

A

True

36
Q

What is a common complication of bone marrow transplants?

A
  • T cells present in the graft cell recognize their new host as foreign and produce cytokines.
  • Liver, skin, and mucosa is affected
37
Q

Chronic leukemia includes which types of cells?

A

Immature and mature. (myelocytes, metamyelocytes, band cells)

38
Q

Acute leukemia includes which types of cells?

A

Immature cells only i.e. lymphoblasts.

Medical Physiology (1 decks)

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