Blood Melignancies Flashcards
What is the role of lymphocytes in the immune system?
Help the body remember previous invaders and recognize them upon return.
Lymphocytes are essential for adaptive immunity.
Where do lymphocytes begin their life?
In the bone marrow.
Some lymphocytes remain in the marrow, while others migrate to the thymus.
What are the two main types of T cells?
- Helper T cells
- Killer T cells
Each type has distinct functions in coordinating and executing immune responses.
Fill in the blank: B cells release _______ that latch onto antigens.
[antibodies]
Antibodies help alert phagocytes to destroy the pathogens.
What happens once a B cell spots an antigen?
They begin releasing antibodies that latch onto the antigen to alert phagocytes to kill it.
This process is critical for the immune system’s ability to target specific pathogens.
What are common symptoms of leukaemia and lymphoma?
- Fatigue
- Bruising and bleeding more easily
- Repeated infections
- Fever
- Unexplained weight loss
- Swollen lymph nodes
Symptoms can vary based on the type and stage of the disease.
What is the initial approach to treating patients with developing blood cancers?
Active monitoring
Patients do not need treatment right away and are closely monitored until further intervention is deemed necessary.
What are targeted therapies in cancer treatment?
A drug that works by targeting proteins or genetic changes that cancer cells have
These therapies aim to specifically attack cancer cells while sparing normal cells.
What is chemotherapy?
Destroys cancer cells or stops them from growing
Chemotherapy can affect both cancer and healthy cells, particularly those in the bone marrow.
What are common side effects of chemotherapy?
- Fatigue
- Infertility
- Anemia
- Nausea and vomiting
- Infection
- Hair loss
These side effects can vary in severity and may require management.
What medications are used for side effect relief during chemotherapy?
- Analgesics
- Antihistamines
- Antiemetics
- Antidiarrheals
- Antipyretics
These medications help alleviate various side effects experienced by patients.
What nursing management practices are recommended before chemotherapy?
- FBC (Full Blood Count)
- LFT (Liver Function Tests)
- U&E (Urea and Electrolytes)
These tests help assess the patient’s health and readiness for treatment.
What types of transfusions may be necessary during cancer treatment?
- Blood transfusion
- Platelet transfusion
These transfusions can help manage anemia and low platelet counts.
What is included in side effect management during chemotherapy?
- Input-output chart
- Oral skin care
- Daily weights
Monitoring these factors helps ensure patient safety and comfort.
