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Nursing 3 > Blood/Lymph Exam > Flashcards

Blood/Lymph Exam Flashcards

1
Q

the normal lifespan of a platelet is what?

A

10 days

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2
Q

how many liters of blood does are body hold?

A

4-6 liters

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3
Q

normal pH level

A

7.35-7.45

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4
Q

where are red blood cells produced?

A

red bone marrow

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5
Q

Plamsa, what is it? Whats in it?

A

91% is water
Function is the transport mechanisim for nutrients, waste, hormones, CO2, and antibodies
It contains clotting factors such as prothrombin and fibrinogen
carries albumin

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6
Q

function of albumin

A

maintain blood volume and blood pressures

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7
Q

what is plasma good at maintaining

A

temperature because blood carries heat

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8
Q

average number of RBC’s

A

4.2-6.2 million

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9
Q

what do you need to formate RBC

A

folic acid and Vit b12

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10
Q

what do RBC’s do?

A

carry O2 bonded to the iron in Hgb

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11
Q

How long do RBC’s live?

A

120 days

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12
Q

signs of increased billirubin

A

jaundice, yellowing of the skin

- Billirubin is a product produced after the production of RBC’s

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13
Q

what do the kidneys secrete when hypoxia is present and why?

A

erythropoietin, which increases the rate of RBC production and thus O2 carrying capacity of the blood

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14
Q

average number of hemoglobin

A

12-18g

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15
Q

average percent of hematocrit

A

38-54%

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16
Q

what the trick to remember hematocrit levels

A

they should be 3X the amount of the hemoglobin, if it is greater then 3- dehydration is occurring, and if it is less then 3, overhydration is occurring

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17
Q

normal WBC count

A

5000-10000

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18
Q

function of WBC

A

fight infection, produce, transport and distribute anitbodies
they can be either granular or or agranular

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19
Q

normal life span of WBC

A

13-20 days

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20
Q

Neutrophils

A

these are the most numerous and they phagocytize pathogens

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21
Q

lymphoctytes

A

react to viral infections
T and B cells
Tcells may be helper, suppressor, killer or memory cells
B cells become plasma cells which produce antibodies

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22
Q

Monocytes

A

turn into macrophages and phagocytize pathogens and dead tissue

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23
Q

eosinphils

A

respond to parasitic infection

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24
Q

basophils

A

release histamine during allergic reactions

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25
normal amount of platelets
150,000-450,000
26
what would a 25,000 platelet count figure
spontaneous bleeding
27
where are platelets formed?
red bone marrow
28
function of platelets?
Huge clotting factor
29
what is the lymphatic system made out of?
- Lymph - Lymph vessels - nodes and nodules - spleen - thymus
30
what are the three paired grouped vessels of the lymph
cervical, axiallary, inguinal
31
main function of the lymphatic system
- absorbs and transports lipids - defends the body against disease by producing lymphocytes - collect and return inersitial fluid, including plasma protein to the blood
32
function of the spleen in a infant
to produce RBCs
33
function of the spleen in an adult
produces lympocytes and monocytes stores platelets phagocytizes pathogens and old RBC's to for billirubin Holds up to 1/3 of bodies platelets
34
what does the thymus gland produce
t lymphocytes
35
normal PT time
9.5-11.8
36
normal INR time
2-3 seconds
37
normal PTT time
30-45 seconds
38
sites for a bone marrow biposy
sternum, spinous processes of the vertebrae, and anterior or posterior iliac crests
39
what needs to be monitored after a lymphangiography?
the circulatory status | Also blue tinged urine for about 2 days
40
what should you anticipate with a febrile reaction?
stop the infuction call the doctor, then anticipate giving Tylenol
41
what to anticipate with a urticarial reaction
anticipate giving benedryl | you'll see hives like a rash, and its associated with antigens in the blood
42
what to anticipate with a hemolytic reaction
it is most deadly and rare! | S/S back pain, chest pain, chills, fever, SOB, N/V, impending doom, they will show signs of shock
43
what to anticipate with circulatory overload
anticipate giving diuretics
44
what does heparin do?
inhibits prothrombin to thrombin | it is an anticoagulant
45
low RBC's
anemia
46
high RBC's
polycthemia
47
low WBC's
leukopneia
48
high WBC's
leukocytosis
49
low Platelets
thrombocytopenia
50
high platelets
thrombocytosis
51
what is hemoglobins main function
carry O2
52
S/S of anemia
pallor, tachycardia, tachypnea, irritablility, fatigue, SOB
53
reasons for low amounts of RBC's
an impaired production of RBC's increased destruction of RBC's blood loss
54
foods high in iron
``` red meat fish raisins dried fruit dark green veggies eggs ```
55
epogen
a drug which stimulates the production of RBC's
56
neupogen
a drug which stimulates the production of WBC's
57
aplastic anemia
the bone marrow becomes fatty and causes an inability to produce RBC's
58
treatment for aplastic anemia
``` identifying the cause blood and platelet transfusions prevention of infection and bleeding bone marrow transplants the two medications that are very costly Steroids ```
59
what is sickle cell anemia
a disease caused by a change in a hemoglobin that causes the change in the shape to be flat or curved of the RBC, they are very difficult to pass through the blood vessels, they can be very sensitive to O2 changes
60
symptoms of sickle cell
pain and swelling of joints abd pain hypoxia
61
what you anticipate if a patient had sickle cell
``` pain meds O2 warm compresses blood transfusions Antibiotics if an infection ```
62
what is polycythemia
it is where the blood becomes too think and causes circulation to be very difficult the Hgb will be elevated
63
the difference between primary and secondary polycthemia
vera(primary) the bone marrow is overfull, the Pts skin is dark and flushed secondary is a result of long term hypoxia, due to COPD usually. the body is producing more RBC to make up for the loss from the diseases
64
what is DIC
involves a series of events that results in hemorrhage | acclerated clotting, where the blood cant get to the rest of the body which will result in increased bleeding
65
hemophllia
``` a heridatory bleeding disorder that results from a severe lack of specific clotting factors Hemo A (classic hemophilia) Hemo B (Christmas disease) ```
66
bleeding precautions
``` use electrical razors soft toothbrush avoid flossing avoid invasive procedures avoid IM injections avoid blood draws stool softners keep room clean to prevent bumping into things ```
67
allogenic transplant
bone marrow replaced by a DONOR
68
autologous transplant
the patients own bone marrow is harvested, treated, and replaced back
69
4 phases in the treatment of leukemia
Induction intensification Consolidation Maintenance
70
what is multiple myeloma
cancer of the plasma cells in the bone marrow
71
Prothrombin and fibrinogen is produced by which structure?
Liver
72
How long do sickle cells live
10-20 days
73
S/S of polycythemia
HTN, vision changes, headache, vertigo, dizziness, tinnitus
74
How is pv treated
Phlebotomy 350-500ml
75
S/S of acute leukemia
High onset fever, abnormal bleeding, petechia, ecchymoses, easy bruising
76
Therapeutic measures for patients with leukemia
Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Bone marrow transplants
77
S/S of multiple melanoma
Skeletal pain, back pain usually, achiness, joint pain and swelling, fever, malaise, hypercalcemia, infection, anemia
78
What is Hodgkin's disease
Lymphoma, cancer of the lymph system, presence of Reed-Sternberg cells,
79
S/S of Hodgkin's disease
Painless swelling of the common lymph nodes, pruritus, alcohol induced pain, cough, dysphasia, strider,night sweats, fever, fatigue, weight loss, malaise,
80
Therapeutic measures for Hodgkin's
Radiation, chemotherapy,
81
Non Hodgkin's lymphoma
Arise from b and T cells
82
Bleeding into the skin that looks like little red dots
Petechia
83
Function of Coumadin
Prevention of thrombus formation
84
Dipyridamole
Form of b12
85
ITP
Platelets are decreased
86
Vb12 is also known as
Extrinsic factor

Nursing 3 (2 decks)

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