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Nursing 3 > Blood/Lymph Exam > Flashcards

Blood/Lymph Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

the normal lifespan of a platelet is what?

A

10 days

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2
Q

how many liters of blood does are body hold?

A

4-6 liters

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3
Q

normal pH level

A

7.35-7.45

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4
Q

where are red blood cells produced?

A

red bone marrow

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5
Q

Plamsa, what is it? Whats in it?

A

91% is water
Function is the transport mechanisim for nutrients, waste, hormones, CO2, and antibodies
It contains clotting factors such as prothrombin and fibrinogen
carries albumin

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6
Q

function of albumin

A

maintain blood volume and blood pressures

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7
Q

what is plasma good at maintaining

A

temperature because blood carries heat

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8
Q

average number of RBC’s

A

4.2-6.2 million

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9
Q

what do you need to formate RBC

A

folic acid and Vit b12

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10
Q

what do RBC’s do?

A

carry O2 bonded to the iron in Hgb

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11
Q

How long do RBC’s live?

A

120 days

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12
Q

signs of increased billirubin

A

jaundice, yellowing of the skin

- Billirubin is a product produced after the production of RBC’s

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13
Q

what do the kidneys secrete when hypoxia is present and why?

A

erythropoietin, which increases the rate of RBC production and thus O2 carrying capacity of the blood

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14
Q

average number of hemoglobin

A

12-18g

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15
Q

average percent of hematocrit

A

38-54%

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16
Q

what the trick to remember hematocrit levels

A

they should be 3X the amount of the hemoglobin, if it is greater then 3- dehydration is occurring, and if it is less then 3, overhydration is occurring

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17
Q

normal WBC count

A

5000-10000

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18
Q

function of WBC

A

fight infection, produce, transport and distribute anitbodies
they can be either granular or or agranular

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19
Q

normal life span of WBC

A

13-20 days

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20
Q

Neutrophils

A

these are the most numerous and they phagocytize pathogens

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21
Q

lymphoctytes

A

react to viral infections
T and B cells
Tcells may be helper, suppressor, killer or memory cells
B cells become plasma cells which produce antibodies

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22
Q

Monocytes

A

turn into macrophages and phagocytize pathogens and dead tissue

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23
Q

eosinphils

A

respond to parasitic infection

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24
Q

basophils

A

release histamine during allergic reactions

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25
Q

normal amount of platelets

A

150,000-450,000

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26
Q

what would a 25,000 platelet count figure

A

spontaneous bleeding

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27
Q

where are platelets formed?

A

red bone marrow

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28
Q

function of platelets?

A

Huge clotting factor

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29
Q

what is the lymphatic system made out of?

A
  • Lymph
  • Lymph vessels
  • nodes and nodules
  • spleen
  • thymus
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30
Q

what are the three paired grouped vessels of the lymph

A

cervical, axiallary, inguinal

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31
Q

main function of the lymphatic system

A
  • absorbs and transports lipids
  • defends the body against disease by producing lymphocytes
  • collect and return inersitial fluid, including plasma protein to the blood
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32
Q

function of the spleen in a infant

A

to produce RBCs

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33
Q

function of the spleen in an adult

A

produces lympocytes and monocytes
stores platelets
phagocytizes pathogens and old RBC’s to for billirubin
Holds up to 1/3 of bodies platelets

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34
Q

what does the thymus gland produce

A

t lymphocytes

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35
Q

normal PT time

A

9.5-11.8

36
Q

normal INR time

A

2-3 seconds

37
Q

normal PTT time

A

30-45 seconds

38
Q

sites for a bone marrow biposy

A

sternum, spinous processes of the vertebrae, and anterior or posterior iliac crests

39
Q

what needs to be monitored after a lymphangiography?

A

the circulatory status

Also blue tinged urine for about 2 days

40
Q

what should you anticipate with a febrile reaction?

A

stop the infuction call the doctor, then anticipate giving Tylenol

41
Q

what to anticipate with a urticarial reaction

A

anticipate giving benedryl

you’ll see hives like a rash, and its associated with antigens in the blood

42
Q

what to anticipate with a hemolytic reaction

A

it is most deadly and rare!

S/S back pain, chest pain, chills, fever, SOB, N/V, impending doom, they will show signs of shock

43
Q

what to anticipate with circulatory overload

A

anticipate giving diuretics

44
Q

what does heparin do?

A

inhibits prothrombin to thrombin

it is an anticoagulant

45
Q

low RBC’s

A

anemia

46
Q

high RBC’s

A

polycthemia

47
Q

low WBC’s

A

leukopneia

48
Q

high WBC’s

A

leukocytosis

49
Q

low Platelets

A

thrombocytopenia

50
Q

high platelets

A

thrombocytosis

51
Q

what is hemoglobins main function

A

carry O2

52
Q

S/S of anemia

A

pallor, tachycardia, tachypnea, irritablility, fatigue, SOB

53
Q

reasons for low amounts of RBC’s

A

an impaired production of RBC’s
increased destruction of RBC’s
blood loss

54
Q

foods high in iron

A 
red meat
fish
raisins
dried fruit
dark green veggies 
eggs
55
Q

epogen

A

a drug which stimulates the production of RBC’s

56
Q

neupogen

A

a drug which stimulates the production of WBC’s

57
Q

aplastic anemia

A

the bone marrow becomes fatty and causes an inability to produce RBC’s

58
Q

treatment for aplastic anemia

A 
identifying the cause
blood and platelet transfusions 
prevention of infection and bleeding
bone marrow transplants 
the two medications that are very costly 
Steroids
59
Q

what is sickle cell anemia

A

a disease caused by a change in a hemoglobin that causes the change in the shape to be flat or curved of the RBC, they are very difficult to pass through the blood vessels, they can be very sensitive to O2 changes

60
Q

symptoms of sickle cell

A

pain and swelling of joints
abd pain
hypoxia

61
Q

what you anticipate if a patient had sickle cell

A 
pain meds
O2
warm compresses
blood transfusions 
Antibiotics if an infection
62
Q

what is polycythemia

A

it is where the blood becomes too think and causes circulation to be very difficult the Hgb will be elevated

63
Q

the difference between primary and secondary polycthemia

A

vera(primary) the bone marrow is overfull, the Pts skin is dark and flushed
secondary is a result of long term hypoxia, due to COPD usually. the body is producing more RBC to make up for the loss from the diseases

64
Q

what is DIC

A

involves a series of events that results in hemorrhage

acclerated clotting, where the blood cant get to the rest of the body which will result in increased bleeding

65
Q

hemophllia

A 
a heridatory bleeding disorder that results from a severe lack of specific clotting factors 
Hemo A (classic hemophilia)
Hemo B (Christmas disease)
66
Q

bleeding precautions

A 
use electrical razors 
soft toothbrush
avoid flossing
avoid invasive procedures 
avoid IM injections 
avoid blood draws
stool softners 
keep room clean to prevent bumping into things
67
Q

allogenic transplant

A

bone marrow replaced by a DONOR

68
Q

autologous transplant

A

the patients own bone marrow is harvested, treated, and replaced back

69
Q

4 phases in the treatment of leukemia

A

Induction
intensification
Consolidation
Maintenance

70
Q

what is multiple myeloma

A

cancer of the plasma cells in the bone marrow

71
Q

Prothrombin and fibrinogen is produced by which structure?

A

Liver

72
Q

How long do sickle cells live

A

10-20 days

73
Q

S/S of polycythemia

A

HTN, vision changes, headache, vertigo, dizziness, tinnitus

74
Q

How is pv treated

A

Phlebotomy 350-500ml

75
Q

S/S of acute leukemia

A

High onset fever, abnormal bleeding, petechia, ecchymoses, easy bruising

76
Q

Therapeutic measures for patients with leukemia

A

Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
Bone marrow transplants

77
Q

S/S of multiple melanoma

A

Skeletal pain, back pain usually, achiness, joint pain and swelling, fever, malaise, hypercalcemia, infection, anemia

78
Q

What is Hodgkin’s disease

A

Lymphoma, cancer of the lymph system, presence of Reed-Sternberg cells,

79
Q

S/S of Hodgkin’s disease

A

Painless swelling of the common lymph nodes, pruritus, alcohol induced pain, cough, dysphasia, strider,night sweats, fever, fatigue, weight loss, malaise,

80
Q

Therapeutic measures for Hodgkin’s

A

Radiation, chemotherapy,

81
Q

Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Arise from b and T cells

82
Q

Bleeding into the skin that looks like little red dots

A

Petechia

83
Q

Function of Coumadin

A

Prevention of thrombus formation

84
Q

Dipyridamole

A

Form of b12

85
Q

ITP

A

Platelets are decreased

86
Q

Vb12 is also known as

A

Extrinsic factor

Nursing 3 (2 decks)

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