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Kareem flashcards > Blood & Lymph > Flashcards

Blood & Lymph Flashcards

1
Q

What is Blood dyscrasia

A

Abnormalities in the number and/or types of blood cells

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2
Q

What is Coagulopathy

A

Bleeding disorders involving platelets and/or clotting factors

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3
Q

What is anemia

A

Abnormally low number of RBC’s and/or Hemoglobin

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4
Q

What is Hypovolemic anemia

A

-Loss of large volume of blood
-All blood cells are lost with this type of anemia

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5
Q

What is Iron Deficiency anemia

A

-Hemoglobin requires iron to mature and iron uptake/absorption does not keep up with the needs of erythropoiesis
-Low iron level
-CBC with low RBC, H&H

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6
Q

Nursing management for Iron deficiency anemia

A

-Eat more animal meats, beans, nuts, whole grains
-Avoid coffee tea during mealtime
-Take Iron supplement

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7
Q

Nursing considerations for iron supplementation

A

-Take on empty stomach
-Don’t take with antacids
-Stool will be black

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8
Q

What is Sickle-cell Disease

A

-Genetic disorder
-Erythrocytes become sickle-shaped during periods of inadequate oxygenation

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9
Q

What is a sickle cell crisis and what do we treat it with?

A

-Cells lodge in small blood vessel blocking flow of blood
-Results in hemolytic anemia
-decreased hemoglobin
-Bone marrow transplant (most effective for children)
-Hydroxyurea (anti cancer agent)

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10
Q

Signs and symptoms of sickle cell crisis

A

-Severe pain, family history, possible cva signs
-Possible tissue necrosis
-fever, pain, swelling of joints

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11
Q

What is hemolytic anemia

A

-Premature destruction of RBC’s caused by (sickle cell, infection, lead poisoning, autoimmune causes)
-Destruction of RBCs produces bilirubin

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12
Q

Assessment findings and management for hemolytic anemia

A

-Jaundice
-Enlarged spleen
-Low H&H and RBC
Treat with
-Corticosteroid therapy
-Blood transfusion
-Possible splenectomy

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13
Q

What is pernicious anemia

A

-Absense of vitamin B12
-RBCs cant mature
-Intrinsic factor

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14
Q

Assessment findings and treatment for pernicious anemia

A

-Inflammation of tounge or mouth
-Diarrhea
-Mental changes
-Numbness tingling and ataxia
-Low b12 level
Treat with
-B12 supplementation
-IM injections twice weekly until stable then monthly
-Increase intake of fish, meat, poultry, eggs and dairy products

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15
Q

What is folic acid deficiency anemia

A

-RBCs require folate to mature fully
-common in alcoholics, older adults, intestinal disorders/ surgery

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16
Q

Assessment findings and treatment for folic acid deficiency anemia

A

-severe fatigue, sore enlarged red tongue
-Low H&H, Folate level
Treat with
Folic acid supplementation

17
Q

What is Erythrocytosis

A

-Increased number of RBCs, WBCs and platelets due to overproduction by bone marrow
-Can lead to HTN, HF, CVA, tissue/ organ infarction

18
Q

Assessment findings and treatment for Erythrocytosis

A

-red, purple lips
-fatigue, weakness
-dyspnea
treat with
-Phlebotomy to reduce volume
-Anticoagulants to reduce clotting
-Drugs to decrease bone marrow activity

19
Q

What is thrombocytopenia and what causes it

A

-low platelet count
-Decreased bone marrow activity or increased spleen activity
caused by
-Infection
-Adverse effects of drugs
-Blood cancers

20
Q

Assessment findings and treatment for Thrombocytopenia

A

-purpura
-abnormal bleeding
-internal bleeding
treat with
-Treat cause
-Platelet transfusion
-May recover spontaneously

21
Q

What is hemophilia

A

-Absence of clotting factor
-sex linked genetic disorder
-severity depends on type

22
Q

Assessment findings and treatment for hemophilia

A

-Persistent and spontaneous bleeding
treat with
-blood transfusion
-cryoprecipitate transfusion
-FFP transfusion
-Clotting factor replacement (expensive)

23
Q

What is lymphedema

A

-Accumulation of lymphatic fluid due to impaired circulation
-Excess lymph leaks into tissue
-Produces edema & other deformities

24
Q

Assessment findings and treatment for Lymphedema

A

-Dependent Edema in areas affected
-Skin may be thick, rough and discolored (Elephantiasis)
-Skin may be firm tight and shiny
-Possible oozing of lymph
-Ulcers and infection may develop
treat with
-Elevation, compression garments, physiotherapy and surgical repair

25
Q

What is infectious mononucleosis

A

-Viral infection of lymph tissue (throat or spleen)
- “kissing disease”
-Virus remains in body permanently even after resolution of infection

26
Q

Assessment findings and treatment for infectious mononucleosis

A
  • Fatigue, Fever, Sore throat, Headache, Enlarged lymph nodes
    -White/green tonsillar exudate
    -Liver spleen enlargement
    -POSITIVE MONOSPOT TEST
    treat with
    -Self resolves in 2-6 weeks
    -Corticosteroid therapy for pharyngeal swelling (Priority)
    -Possibly antibiotics because increased risk for bacterial infection

Kareem flashcards (2 decks)

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