Blood Loss Flashcards
By the end of the 19th century what was the major problem with surgery?
Blood loss
What was the early way of dealing with this?
Cauterisation
What did doctors use to try and stem the flow of blood?
Tourniquet to tie ligatures
Why were the early blood transfusions sometimes unsuccessful?
Blood groups
What animal did they transfer blood from for early transfusions?
Sheep
Which British surgeon gave some successful blood transfusions?
James Blundell
Who discovered blood groups?
Landsteiner
When were blood groups discovered?
1901
What did Landsteiner prove why there were some incompatible blood types?
Different antibodies present
The first successful transfusion took place in 1907 by the American doctor Reuben Ottenberg. True or False?
True
What was the problem with storing blood outside of the body?
It clotted.
What was found to stop the blood clotting in 1914?
Sodium Citrate
What was needed to dilute the blood to make it usable?
Saline
When was the first blood bank set up?
1917
Where was the first blood bank set up?
Battle of Cambrai
When did WW1 break out?
1914
Why was WW1 important for medicine?
It meant lots of practice
Who developed plastic surgery as a result of the horrific shrapnel injuries?
Harold Gillies
What was the Waltzing Pedicle?
Grafting of skin in a tube to avoid infection
Name 3 ways in which doctors communicated their new ideas.
Newspapers, The Lancet, Conferences
When were x-rays developed so that doctors could look inside the patient before operating?
1895
When was the hypodermic needle invented?
1853
