blood lab

Question 1

plasma content

Answer 1

water
proteins
enzymes, nutrients, waste, gasses, hormones, electrolytes

Question 2

hemoglobin amount

Answer 2

15 g/dL

Question 3

Erythrocyte count

Answer 3

4-6 x 10^6/ uL

Question 4

Reticulocyte

Answer 4

• immature RBC in circulation for 1-2 days
• 1-2%
• has organelle remnants (ribosomes)

Question 5

Reticulocytosis

Answer 5

increased reticulocytes indicating increased production of RBCs

Question 6

Leukocyte count

Answer 6

4800-10800 / uL

Question 7

percents of all the leukocytes

Answer 7

Neutrophils: 60%
Lymphocytes: 30-40%
Monocytes: 4-8%
Eiosinophils: <3%
Basophils: <1%

Question 8

Neutrophils

• fancy word for nucleus
• what does its granules release?
• color

Answer 8

• polymorphonuclear
• cytokines
• red and blue granules

Question 9

eiosinophils

-color

Answer 9

red

Question 10

basophil color

Answer 10

purplish black/ blue

Question 11

platelet count

Answer 11

150,000 - 450,000 / uL

Question 12

specific RBC count

Answer 12

men: 4.7-6.1 mil / uL
female: 4.2 - 5.4 mil /uL

Question 13

specific hemoglobin

Answer 13

males: 13-18 g/dL
females: 12-16 g/dL

Question 14

aplastic anemia

Answer 14

• not enough bone marrow –> “hypocellular”

- RBCs are ok, but there’s not enough of them

Question 15

iron deficient anemia

Answer 15

lack of iron to produce hemoglobin

-lack in diet, or blood loss, or issue with absorption

Question 16

sickle cell anemia

Answer 16

• 6th Glu is a Val in a beta chain of a globin

- when low on oxygen becomes weird shape and ruptures easily and blocks blood flow

Question 17

pernicious anemia

Answer 17

• autoimmune attack of stomach mucosa
• not enough intrinsic factor
• can’t absorb B12 for RBC production/ proliferation

Question 18

polycythemia

-what causes it?

Answer 18

• too many RBCs due to bone marrow cancer, too much EPO, high altitude, or blood doping
• blood is too viscous

Question 19

eosinophilia

Answer 19

increase of eosinophils

Question 20

mononucleosis

Answer 20

presence of atypical lymphocytes (>10% on blood smear)

“Epstein Barr virus”

Question 21

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Answer 21

bone marrow makes too many immature lymphocytes

Question 22

lymphoma

Answer 22

uncontrolled growth of abnormal lymphocytes in bone marrow or lymphatic tissue

Question 23

thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia

Answer 23

• increased platelet count
• comes with increased magakaryocytes

too few thrombocytes

Question 24

atherosclerosis

Answer 24

atherosclerotic plaque (lipids, calcium, celular debris) serves as site for clot formation