blood+ hematopoiesis

Question 1

what stage does nucleolus dissappear in erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis?

Answer 1

basophilic erythroblast
specific (neutrophilic) myelocyte

Question 2

what is an important receptor in erythropoietin. Also what is final target of erythropoietin ?

Answer 2

JAK 2 kinase / janus kinase 2 which affects signaling pathway of erythropoietin

final target- DNA transcription

Question 3

size of RBC and shape ?

Answer 3

7.5um and 2.6 um biconcave
only biconvex in reticulocyte stage

Question 4

what is an important receptor in erythropoietin? Also, what is final target of erythropoietin ?

Answer 4

JAK 2 kinase / janus kinase 2 which affects signalling pathway of erythropoietin

final target- DNA transcription

Question 5

pathological forms of rbc

Answer 5

macrocytosis and microcytosis
anisocytosis- both

poikilocytosis-deviation of shape
sickle cell
spherocytosis
acanthocytosis- projections of various sizes

Question 6

key cytokines in first stage of granulocyte

Answer 6

cytokines are glycoproteins that stimulate proliferation of projenitor+ precursor cells

myeloblast has SCF (stem cell factor) and interleukins -3 (macrophage+monocyte, endothelia, CD4+ T-cells what HIV destroys- function to stimulate other immune cells as an immune response to pathogen

Question 7

time for myeloblast to mature
neutrophilic myelocyte

Answer 7

10-14 days
1 week

Question 8

lifespan of neutrophilic band
neutrophile
platelets

Answer 8

8-12h in blood and 1-2 days in CT
6-8h in blood and 1-4 days in CT
10 days

Question 9

Platelet zones?
granule contents +size?

Answer 9

peripheral hyalumere and granulomere on central

Alpha granule 300-500nm: fibrinogen+factor V+VIII and platelet-derived growth factor
Delta granule e= dense, 250-300nm:
ADP/ATP+ serotonin and Ca
Lagma granule :
lysosomes w/ hydrolytic enzymes

Question 10

azurophilic granules

Answer 10

oval nucleus w fine chromatin BASOPHILIC:
myeloperoxidase
lysosomes
defensins

Question 11

neutrophilic granules

Answer 11

eisonophilic:
alkaline phosphatase
collagenase
lactoferrin

Question 12

eisonophilic granules

Answer 12

12-14um eosinophilic w 1-2 weeks lifespan
MBP major basic proteins
acid phosphatase
eosinophil peroxidase
histaminase
collagenase

Question 13

basophilic granules

Answer 13

10-12um basophilic+metachromatic like mast cells:
histamine+heparin
eosinophil chemotactic factor
platelet-activating factor
peroxidase
phosphatase A enzyme

Question 14

number of leukocytes in blood?

Answer 14

150,000-400,000 platelets/uL

Question 15

proteins associated w erythrocytes?

Answer 15

plasmolemma 40% lipids, 10% carbs and 50% proteins: integral proteins band 3 protein+ glycophorin A (has antigenic sites for ABO blood typing)

inner surface proteins: spectrin(make lattice that bound to actin F)+ akyrin (bnds lattice to integral proteins of erythrocyte - glycophorin A+ band 3 protein)

Question 16

process of repair of tissue for leukocytes

Answer 16

1) cytokines- loosen intrajugular junction of endothelial cells in veins
2) P selectin (cell adhesion protein) it binds to glycosylated ligands on leukocytes surface (neutrophils)- interaction causes cells to slow down
3) diapedesis- leukocytes sends extensions to opening of endothelial cells (allows migration)
4) chemotaxis- aggregation of more leukocytes

Question 17

platelets vs plasma cells structure

Answer 17

plasma cells are b lymphocyte-derived
antibody-producing cells
large, ovoid cells w spherical nucleus (w compact peripheral region w heterochromatin+ alter w light areas euchromatin=clockface
basophilic cytoplasm (rich RER)
golgi+centriole(pale when stained)
lifespan 10 days+abundant in infected cells

platelets:
structure: 10 days lifespan
2-4um, biconvex, small, non-nucleated+ membrane-bound in endothelial tissue
150,000-400,000/ uL
originate from end of cytoplasmic proc of megakaryocytes, promote clotting+ repair in endothelial,
discoid shape: peripheral hyalumere (light stained) and central granulomere (dark); Has marginal bundle: microtubule+microfilaments to maintain shape