blood glucose regulation Flashcards
what is blood glucose monitored and controlled by?
the pancreas
what does the pancreas produce if blood glucose is too high?
insulin
what does insulin do?
cause glucose to move from the blood into the cells
what does the pancreas produce if blood glucose is too low?
glucagon
in liver and muscle cells, what is excess glucose converted into? and for what?
glycogen
for storage
what does glucagon cause glycogen to be converted to?
glucose
when/why does type 1 diabetes happen?
when the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin
what is the effect of type 1 diabetes?
uncontrolled high blood glucose levels
what is the treatment for type 1 diabetes?
insulin injections
type ___ diabetes cells no longer respond to insulin
2
what are the common treatments for type 2 diabetes?
a carbohydrate controlled diet
and exercise
what is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes?
obesity
___ leaves the body via the ___ during exhalation
water
lungs
what 3 things are lost from the skin in sweat?
water
ions
urea
is there a control over water, ions and urea loss by the lungs or skin? (yes or no)
no
what 3 things are removed via the kidneys in urine?
water
ions
urea
TRUE OR FALSE
if body cells gain or lose water by osmosis they still function properly
FALSE
they do not function properly
what does the digestion of proteins for the diet result in? which need to be what?
excess proteins
removed from the body safely
in the liver, [what] are deaminated to form ammonia?
amino acids
ammonia is ___ so is immediately converted to ___ so it can be safely excreted
toxic
urea
how do the kidneys produce urine?
by filtering the blood and selectively reabsorbing useful substances
name 1 substance that is completely reabsorbed by the kidney tubule
glucose
name 2 substances that are selectively reabsorbed depending on the body needs
water
ions
name 3 substances that are not reabsorbed and leave the body as urine
urea
excess water
ions
