Blood Glucose Curves - FF Article Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of diabetes in cats?

A

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion.

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2
Q

What are some common risk factors for feline diabetes?

A

Male neutered cats, Burmese breed, obesity, indoor lifestyle, corticosteroid or progestogen treatment.

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3
Q

Why is early detection of diabetes important in cats?

A

Early detection and aggressive treatment increase the chances of diabetes being transient, reducing the need for long-term insulin.

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4
Q

What should owners monitor at home for diabetic cats?

A

Weight, body condition score, appetite, water intake, urination, blood glucose (if monitored), and urine glucose or ketones.

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5
Q

What is the primary goal of insulin therapy in cats?

A

To stop ketone production, restore water and electrolyte balance, correct acidosis, and treat any underlying causes.

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6
Q

What are the key points for insulin therapy in cats?

A

Use of twice-daily dosing, slow incremental adjustments, and rotating injection sites to prevent localized insulin resistance.

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7
Q

What should a diabetic cat’s diet include?

A

High protein, low carbohydrate diets are recommended, as they improve glycemic control and reduce insulin dependence.

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8
Q

What is the importance of a blood glucose curve?

A

It helps track changes in blood glucose over 12-24 hours to determine the lowest concentration (nadir) and assess insulin effectiveness.

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9
Q

What is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

A

A life-threatening complication of untreated or poorly controlled diabetes characterized by ketonuria, acidosis, and systemic signs like vomiting and lethargy.

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10
Q

How should a diabetic ketoacidotic cat be treated?

A

Fluid therapy with potassium and phosphate supplementation, insulin therapy, and close monitoring of glucose, electrolytes, and acid-base balance.

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11
Q

What is the Somogyi effect in diabetic cats?

A

It’s a hypoglycemia-induced hyperglycemia caused by excessive insulin, leading to a counter-regulatory hormone response and high blood sugar.

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12
Q

What is the preferred insulin administration technique in cats?

A

Insulin should be given during or after feeding, with regular blood glucose monitoring and careful attention to hypoglycemic signs.

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13
Q

Why is home blood glucose monitoring recommended for diabetic cats?

A

It minimizes the stress of clinic visits, provides more accurate daily glucose readings, and helps identify periods of hypoglycemia.

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14
Q

What are the signs of diabetic remission in cats?

A

Normal fructosamine levels, absence of glucosuria, low blood glucose (<10mmol/L) before insulin administration, and overall stable condition.

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15
Q

What dietary changes help diabetic cats lose weight?

A

High-fiber, moderately fat-restricted diets are effective for weight loss, while high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets are best for glycemic control.

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16
Q

Why is stress management important during a blood glucose curve?

A

Stress can cause hyperglycemia, leading to inaccurate readings, so it’s important to minimize stress during blood sampling.