Blood & Genetics Flashcards
Formed Elements
- Erythrocytes (RBC)
- Leukocytes (WBC)
- Platelets: fragments not cells
All parts are derived form hemopoietic stem cells
45% of blood
Functions of Blood
- immune functions
- thermoregulation
- pH balance
- transportation (gases, hormones, nutrients, waste)
Blood Plasma
The “matrix” of the blood, 55% of blood, mainly for transport
SERUM: Plasma without the clotting protein fibrinogen
Hematocrit
% of cell volume composed of RBCs
Typically 45%
Hemoglobin
4 protium chain that carries oxygen on a RBC
One hemoglobin can carry up to 4 oxygens
Erythrocytes
Has no organelles or nucleus,
Most prevalent formed element
Platelet
thrombocytes
Primary function is to contribute to hemostasis, or to stop bleeding
Types of Leukocytes
Granulocytes -Neutrophil -Eosinophil -Basophil Agranulocytes -Lymphocyte -Monocyte
Granulocytes
Neutrophil – most abundant, fight bacterial infections, horse-shoe shaped nucleus
Eosinophil – mucous membranes, allergies, parasitic infection
Basophil – rarest, excrete histamine (vasodilator), heparin (anti-coagulent), chemokines (attract other WBCs)
Agranulocytes
Lymphocyte – T-cells and B-cells, immune functions & memory
Monocyte – large, macrophage inflammation & viral infections
Antigen
inherited protein, glycoprotein, glycoplipid combinations
Antibody (agglutinin)
recognize foreign antigens, bind to them, clump, transfusion mismatch complications
Rh-factor
presence of Rh group (D-antigens), D antibodies not present in Rh- blood until exposed to Rh+ blood
Fibrin
fibrous, non-globular protein for clotting
Clotting
Agglutination - Multiple erythrocytes joined together due to mismatched blood
can cause thrombosis and embolisms
