Blood gases, pH and buffer systems Flashcards by A A

Proton donator

Acid

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Proton acceptor

Base

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When you dissolve acid in water, it will yield?

Hydrogen ions or H+

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When you dissolve base in water, it will yield?

Hydroxyl ions or OH-

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ratio of dissociated ions to the original acid

Dissociation constant or K value

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Relative strengths of acids/bases - ability to dissociate in water

Dissociation constant or K value

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pH at which the protonated, known as? and unprotonated, known as? forms are present in equal conc.

A. Base
B. Acid

pKa

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Pk value of strong acid

Less than 3.0 or <3.0

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Pk value of strong base

Greater than 9.0 or >9.0

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Increase pH above pk - yields H+

Strong acid

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Decrease pH below pk - yields OH-

Strong base

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Paglagay sa water nag separate ang acid from its proton (H+)
kapag nag dissociate, it will dissociate completely

Strong Acid/Strong Base

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Paglagay sa water, may iba nag dissociate, may iba na wala

Weak acid/base

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Combination of weak acid/base and it’s salt

Buffer

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Resist changes in pH [not all the substances we intake/ingest are neutral] - maong acidic/basic

Buffer

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Pressure/exerted by CO2 has dissolved in blood

Index of efficiency of gas exchange (lungs)

Not measure of CO2 conc. in blood

Partial pressure of CO2 or pCO2

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Value of pCO2

35-45 mm Hg

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Ionized: HCO3-, CO3-, carbamino compound
Unionized: H2CO3, dissolved CO2

Total carbon dioxide conc. or tCO2

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Value of tCO2

23-27 mmol/L

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Equilibrated with CO2 at 40 mm Hg @ 37°C

Bicarbonate Ion conc.

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Value of Bicarbonate Ion conc.

22-26 mmol/L

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Exerted by O2 dissolved in arterial blood

Partial pressure of O2 or pO2

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Value of pO2

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80-110 mm Hg

Index of the acidity/alkalinity of blood

Inversely proportional to H+ conc.

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the more you have H+ conc. in blood, the lesser the blood pH

Results: A. <7.35? B. >7.45?

A. Acidosis/Acidemia B. Alkalosis/alkalemia

Suffix Process in body (conditions of pH in the blood)

-osis

Suffix State in blood

-emia

The lesser the bicarbonate in blood, the lesser the blood pH HCO3- directly proportional to blood pH

Bicarbonate-carbonic acid system

Maintenance of H+ Normal? pH?

36-44 nmol/L pH 7.34-7.44

Maintenance of H+ A. Metabolism produces? B. Controls/Excretes H+ maintain?

A. Greater quantities of H+ B. pH homeostasis

Formula of Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

pH = pK' + log [A-] / [HA]

Ref ranges : Arterial Blood Gas A. pH B. pCO2 (mm Hg) C. HCO3- (mmol/L) D. Total CO2 content (mmol/L) E. pO2 F. SO2 (%) G. O2 Hb (%)

A. 7.35-7.45 B. 35-45 mm Hg C. 22-26 mmol/L D. 23-27 mmol/L E. 80-110 F. >95 G. >95

Acid-Base Disorders (2)

Acidemia (reflects excess acid) Alkalemia (reflects excess base)

pH of Acidemia

<7.35-7.45

pH of Alkalemia

>7.35-7.45

Remember: If it is DOWN the pH scale, it is ACID

Acidosis

Normal ratio of Bicarbonate-carbonic acid seen in Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

20:1

Disorders (2)

Primary Respiratory Disorder Metabolic (non-respiratory) Disorder

Caused by ventilatory dysfunction (change in pCO2)

Primary Respiratory Disorder

Change in HCO3 ion level

Metabolic (non-respiratory) Disorder

Compensation A. Restore acid-base homeostasis whenever? B. Body accomplishes by? C. If the imbalance is of metabolic origin, the body compensates by?

A. Imbalance occurs B. Altering the factor C. Altering the ventilation

Lungs A. Disturbances of respiratory component, kidneys compensate by selectively? B. Can compensate? C. Response?

A. Excreting/Reabsorbing anions and cations B. Immediately C. Short term and often incomplete

Kidneys A. Respond? B. Can compensate?

A. Long term and potentially complete B. Slow (2-4 days)

pH has returned to the normal range (20:1 restored)

Fully compensated

pH is approaching normal

Partially Compensated

(4) Main Acid-Base Disorders

Primary Metabolic acidosis Primary Respiratory acidosis Primary Metabolic alkalosis Primary Respiratory alkalosis

Bicarbonate: decrease pH: decrease pCO2: normal compensation?

Primary Metabolic Acidosis through hyperventilation

Alveolar ventilation(hypo): decrease bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio: decrease pCO2: increase compensation?

Primary Respiratory Acidosis through non-respiratory processes

pH: increase non-respiratory component: increase compensation?

Primary Metabolic Alkalosis hypoventilation (increases retention of CO2)

Alveolar ventilation: increase compensation?

Primary Respiratory Alkalosis hyperventilation

Specimen collection for ABG A. Prevent O2 consumption? B. Not be in excess; limit: 0.05 mL of heparin per mL of blood

A. Arterial blood (chilled) B. Heparin

Sources of error Specimen exposed to air: A. pCO2 B. pH C. pO2

A. Decrease B. Increase C. Increase

Specimen at room temp. (30mins) A. pCO2 B. pH C. pO2

A. Increase B. Decrease C. Decrease

Bacterial contamination pO2

False decrease

Fever @38°C A. pO2 B. pH C. pCO2 @39°C? Multiply by 2

A. Decrease by 7% B. Decrease by 0.015 C. Increase by 3%

Blood gases, pH and buffer systems Flashcards

(55 cards)