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Finals > Blood gases, pH and buffer systems > Flashcards

Blood gases, pH and buffer systems Flashcards

1
Q

Proton donator

A

Acid

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2
Q

Proton acceptor

A

Base

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3
Q

When you dissolve acid in water, it will yield?

A

Hydrogen ions or H+

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4
Q

When you dissolve base in water, it will yield?

A

Hydroxyl ions or OH-

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5
Q

ratio of dissociated ions to the original acid

A

Dissociation constant or K value

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6
Q

Relative strengths of acids/bases - ability to dissociate in water

A

Dissociation constant or K value

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7
Q

pH at which the protonated, known as? and unprotonated, known as? forms are present in equal conc.

A

A. Base
B. Acid

pKa

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8
Q

Pk value of strong acid

A

Less than 3.0 or <3.0

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9
Q

Pk value of strong base

A

Greater than 9.0 or >9.0

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10
Q

Increase pH above pk - yields H+

A

Strong acid

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11
Q

Decrease pH below pk - yields OH-

A

Strong base

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12
Q
  • Paglagay sa water nag separate ang acid from its proton (H+)
  • kapag nag dissociate, it will dissociate completely
A

Strong Acid/Strong Base

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13
Q

Paglagay sa water, may iba nag dissociate, may iba na wala

A

Weak acid/base

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14
Q

Combination of weak acid/base and it’s salt

A

Buffer

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15
Q

Resist changes in pH [not all the substances we intake/ingest are neutral] - maong acidic/basic

A

Buffer

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16
Q

Pressure/exerted by CO2 has dissolved in blood

Index of efficiency of gas exchange (lungs)

Not measure of CO2 conc. in blood

A

Partial pressure of CO2 or pCO2

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17
Q

Value of pCO2

A

35-45 mm Hg

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18
Q

Ionized: HCO3-, CO3-, carbamino compound
Unionized: H2CO3, dissolved CO2

A

Total carbon dioxide conc. or tCO2

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19
Q

Value of tCO2

A

23-27 mmol/L

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20
Q

Equilibrated with CO2 at 40 mm Hg @ 37°C

A

Bicarbonate Ion conc.

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21
Q

Value of Bicarbonate Ion conc.

A

22-26 mmol/L

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22
Q

Exerted by O2 dissolved in arterial blood

A

Partial pressure of O2 or pO2

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23
Q

Value of pO2

A

80-110 mm Hg

24
Q

Index of the acidity/alkalinity of blood

Inversely proportional to H+ conc.

A

pH

the more you have H+ conc. in blood, the lesser the blood pH

25
Q

Results:

A. <7.35?
B. >7.45?

A

A. Acidosis/Acidemia
B. Alkalosis/alkalemia

26
Q

Suffix

Process in body (conditions of pH in the blood)

A

-osis

27
Q

Suffix

State in blood

A

-emia

28
Q

The lesser the bicarbonate in blood, the lesser the blood pH

HCO3- directly proportional to blood pH

A

Bicarbonate-carbonic acid system

29
Q

Maintenance of H+

Normal? pH?

A

36-44 nmol/L
pH 7.34-7.44

30
Q

Maintenance of H+

A. Metabolism produces?
B. Controls/Excretes H+ maintain?

A

A. Greater quantities of H+
B. pH homeostasis

31
Q

Formula of Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

A

pH = pK’ + log [A-] / [HA]

32
Q

Ref ranges : Arterial Blood Gas

A. pH
B. pCO2 (mm Hg)
C. HCO3- (mmol/L)
D. Total CO2 content (mmol/L)
E. pO2
F. SO2 (%)
G. O2 Hb (%)

A

A. 7.35-7.45
B. 35-45 mm Hg
C. 22-26 mmol/L
D. 23-27 mmol/L
E. 80-110
F. >95
G. >95

33
Q

Acid-Base Disorders (2)

A

Acidemia (reflects excess acid)
Alkalemia (reflects excess base)

34
Q

pH of Acidemia

A

<7.35-7.45

35
Q

pH of Alkalemia

A

> 7.35-7.45

36
Q

Remember:

If it is DOWN the pH scale, it is ACID

A

Acidosis

37
Q

Normal ratio of Bicarbonate-carbonic acid seen in Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

A

20:1

38
Q

Disorders (2)

A

Primary Respiratory Disorder
Metabolic (non-respiratory) Disorder

39
Q

Caused by ventilatory dysfunction (change in pCO2)

A

Primary Respiratory Disorder

40
Q

Change in HCO3 ion level

A

Metabolic (non-respiratory) Disorder

41
Q

Compensation

A. Restore acid-base homeostasis whenever?
B. Body accomplishes by?
C. If the imbalance is of metabolic origin, the body compensates by?

A

A. Imbalance occurs
B. Altering the factor
C. Altering the ventilation

42
Q

Lungs

A. Disturbances of respiratory component, kidneys compensate by selectively?
B. Can compensate?
C. Response?

A

A. Excreting/Reabsorbing anions and cations
B. Immediately
C. Short term and often incomplete

43
Q

Kidneys

A. Respond?
B. Can compensate?

A

A. Long term and potentially complete
B. Slow (2-4 days)

44
Q

pH has returned to the normal range (20:1 restored)

A

Fully compensated

45
Q

pH is approaching normal

A

Partially Compensated

46
Q

(4) Main Acid-Base Disorders

A

Primary Metabolic acidosis
Primary Respiratory acidosis
Primary Metabolic alkalosis
Primary Respiratory alkalosis

47
Q

Bicarbonate: decrease
pH: decrease
pCO2: normal

compensation?

A

Primary Metabolic Acidosis

through hyperventilation

48
Q

Alveolar ventilation(hypo): decrease
bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio: decrease
pCO2: increase

compensation?

A

Primary Respiratory Acidosis

through non-respiratory processes

49
Q

pH: increase
non-respiratory component: increase

compensation?

A

Primary Metabolic Alkalosis

hypoventilation (increases retention of CO2)

50
Q

Alveolar ventilation: increase

compensation?

A

Primary Respiratory Alkalosis

hyperventilation

51
Q

Specimen collection for ABG

A. Prevent O2 consumption?
B. Not be in excess; limit: 0.05 mL of heparin per mL of blood

A

A. Arterial blood (chilled)
B. Heparin

52
Q

Sources of error

Specimen exposed to air:

A. pCO2
B. pH
C. pO2

A

A. Decrease
B. Increase
C. Increase

53
Q

Specimen at room temp. (30mins)

A. pCO2
B. pH
C. pO2

A

A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Decrease

54
Q

Bacterial contamination

pO2

A

False decrease

55
Q

Fever
@38°C

A. pO2
B. pH
C. pCO2

@39°C? Multiply by 2

A

A. Decrease by 7%
B. Decrease by 0.015
C. Increase by 3%

Finals (1 decks)

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