blood gases - acid base balance Flashcards
what is the pontine respiratory group?
part of respiratory centre that regulates length of each breath and switches between inspiration and expiration
what does the dorsal respiratory group do?
initiates inspiration and regulates basic rhythm of respiration
what is the ventral respiratory group involved in?
control of forced expiration - coordinates muscles involved
what do we breathe in response to?
high CO2 levels
main points of hydrogen metabolism?
- produced from normal metabolic processes
- consumed by metabolism of intermediates and excreted by kidneys in urine
in the body what is the buffering system to manage hydrogen ions?
H+ + HCO3- <———> H2CO3
why does bicarbonate have to dissociate to enter renal tubule?
tubule impermeable to bicarbonate so has to enter as CO2 and associate again
what is acidosis and alkalosis?
acidosis - high [H+], low pH
alkalosis - low [H+], high pH
characteristics of non-respiratory acidosis?
increased [H+]
decreased excretion
decreased [HCO3-]
how to treat non-respiratory acidosis?
- removal of underlying problem while maintaining renal function
what causes non-respiratory alkalosis?
- excess alkali administration
- loss of free hydrogen
characteristics of non-respiratory alkalosis?
self limiting rise in pressure of CO2
decreased [H+]
increased [HCO3-]
how to treat non-respiratory alkalosis?
correction of volume depletion with normal saline infusion
potassium supplements
causes of respiratpry acidosis?
airway obstruction
depression of respiratory centre
characteristics of respiratory acidosis?
increased [H+]
slight increase [HCO3-]
CO2 retention
