BLOOD GAS

Question 2

Normal blood pH

Answer 2

7.35-7.45

Question 3

Enzyme need to convert Carbonic Acid to Bicarbonate ion?

Answer 3

Carbonic Anhydrase

Question 4

Dissociated of H2CO3 __________ in HCO3 causing it to _____ into the plasma

Answer 4

1. Increased
2. Diffuse

Question 5

Ratio of Bicarbonate ion to Carbonic Acid

Answer 5

20:1

Question 6

If CO2 doesn’t excreted, what will happen?

Answer 6

There’s an increase og H+ ion concentration which leads to acidic pH or acidosis.

Question 8

rapid or fast removal of CO2 by the lungs

Answer 8

Decreas the H+ ion concentration which leads to respiratory alkalosis.

Question 9

Function of Kidneys

Answer 9

To excrete acid

Question 10

How many acid must be excreted daily by the kidney

Answer 10

50-100 mmol/L

Question 11

buffering
effects of hemoglobin causing venous
blood to be 0.03 unit lower in pH

Answer 11

chloride-isohydric shift

Question 12

each Celsius above 37°:

Answer 12

↑ pH by 0.015

Question 13

optimum pH for arterial blood

Answer 13

7.40

Question 14

TO MAINTAIN pH

Answer 14

1. neutralize acid as they are generated
2. elimination of the acid permanently

Question 16

Factors that causes Bicarbonate to increase

Answer 16

IV infusion of lactate, acetate and HCO3-

Question 17

Factors that causes Bicarbonate to decrease

Answer 17

Diuretics, reduced reabsorption, chronic nephritis

Question 18

Urinary excretion of HCO3

Answer 18

26 – 30 mmol/L

Question 19

Normal excretion rate of bicarbonate

Answer 19

10 mEq/day

Question 20

Ceased excretion of HCO3-

Answer 20

↓ 25 mmol/L

Question 21

Major extracellular blood buffer

Answer 21

Carbonic Acid & bicarbonate

Question 22

Weak acid/ base blood buffer

Answer 22

Plasma proteins

Question 23

02 carry blood buffer

Answer 23

Hemoglobin

Question 24

1 gram hemoglobin carries

Answer 24

1.39 ml of oxygen

Question 25

1 mole of hemoglobin binds

Answer 25

1 mole of oxygen

Question 26

1st line of defense against pH

Answer 26

Chemical buffer system:
1. Bicarbonate
2. Phosphate
3. Proteins

Question 27

2nd line of defense against pH

Answer 27

Physiologic Buffer System