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A&P 2 Test 2 Circulatory > Blood Distribution/Capillary Exchange/Lymphatics > Flashcards

Blood Distribution/Capillary Exchange/Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the majority of blood distributed

A

Systemic veins and venules, they act as blood reservoirs

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2
Q

How does the body divert blood from the blood reservoirs

A

Vasoconstriction

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3
Q

At rest what organs receive the largest amount of blood flow

A
  • Liver
  • Kidney
  • Muscle
  • Brain

organized most to least (25%, 20%, 20%,15%)

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4
Q

During exercise what organs receive the largest amount of blood flow

A

-Muscles

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5
Q

What are the 3 basic mechanisms substance enter and leave the capillaries.

A
  1. Diffusion
  2. Transcytosis
  3. Bulk flow

All can happen at once

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6
Q

Rank the speed of the 3 transportation mechanisms in the capillaries from fastest to slowest

A
  1. Bulk flow
  2. Diffusion
  3. transcytosis
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7
Q

Describe diffusion at the capillary level

A

-O2 and small sized nutrients out of the capillary, CO2 and certain waste into the capillary

down their concentration gradient

-more delicate and more directed at certain substances

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8
Q

Describe transcytosis at the capillary level

A
  • Cell preforms endocytosis, creates a vesicle and transports the vesicle across the cell and then preforms exocytosis and releases the contents
  • used for large lipid-insoluble molecules such as insulin and certain antibodies
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9
Q

What is the blood brain barrier

A

areas in the brain have continuous capillaries w/ very closely packed endothelial cells surround by Astrocytes that block many substances from passing out of the capillary

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10
Q

What parts of the brain lack the blood brain barrier and allow free capillary exchange

A

Hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland

Areas used for sensing body/blood changes or excreting hormones

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11
Q

Describe bulk flow at the capillary level

A

passive process driven by pressure differences by which a large amount of fluid and solutes moves in and out of the capillaries

  • things can move up their concentration levels
  • very efficient
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12
Q

What are the 2 pressure driven mechanisms of bulk flow

A
  1. Filtration

2. Reabsorption

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13
Q

Describe filtration in bulk flow

A

Pressure driven movement of fluid and solutes from blood to interstitial fluid

-composed of blood hydrostatic pressure (BPH) and Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure (IFOP)

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14
Q

Describe the role of blood hydrostatic pressure (BPH) and Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure (IFOP) in filtration

A

BPH pushes fluid out of the capillary, from BP pushing against vessel walls

IFOP pull fluid solutes out of the capillary

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15
Q

Is interstitial fluid osmotic pressure a large or small pressure

A

small, because limited protein in interstitial fluid

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16
Q

Describe resorption in bulk flow

A

Pressure driven movement of fluid and solutes from interstitial fluid to blood

-composed of blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) and interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (IFHP)

17
Q

Describe the role of blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) and interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (IFHP) in resorption

A

BCOP pulls fluids and solutes from the interstitial space to the capillary, d/t proteins in blood

IFHP pushes fluid and solutes from the interstitial space into the capillaries

18
Q

What is the normal pressure associated w/ interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (IFHP)

A

0, unless there is a pathology

19
Q

What is net filtration pressure (NFP)

A

NFP =(BHP+IFOP)-(BCOP-IFHP)

  • determines whether volumes of blood and interstitial fluid remain steady or change
  • usually measured at arteriole and venule ends of capillary
20
Q

What does Sterling’s law of the capillaries state

A

It states that the volume of fluid and solutes reabsorbed is NEAR the volume of fluid and solutes filtered

21
Q

If net filtration pressure (NFP) is positive it promotes….

A

Filtration

-this is what is usually found at arteriole

22
Q

If net filtration pressure (NFP) is negative it promotes….

A

Resorption

-this is what is usually found at venule

23
Q

True or False normally all filtered fluids/solutes at the arteriole side of the capillary is reabsorbed at the venule side of the capillary

A

False, the fluid/solutes, ~15% not reabsorbed enters the lymphatic capillaries

24
Q

What does the lymphatic system transport

A
  • fluid and solutes that did not make it back to blood circulation
  • small proteins (from damage) or large particulate matter
  • lipids from the GI tract
25
Q

What tissues do not have lymphatic drainage nearby

A
  • Superficial layers of the skin
  • CNS
  • Endomysium of muscle
  • Bones
26
Q

The lymphatic vessels of which body regions drain into the thoracic duct

A
  1. Lower part of the body
  2. L thorax
  3. L arm
  4. L side of head/neck
27
Q

Where does the thoracic duct empty

A

junction of the L internal jugular vein and L subclavian vein

28
Q

The lymphatic vessels of which body regions drain into the right lymphatic duct

A
  1. R thorax
  2. R arm
  3. R side of the head and neck
29
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct empty

A

junction of the R internal jugular vein and R subclavian vein

30
Q

What is Virchows Node

A
  • enlargement of the supraclavicular lymph node (closet to thoracic duct)
  • it is highly suspicious for mets Ca from the Abd, Pelvis, or L thorax

-only palpable

31
Q

What is Troiser Sign

A

-Virchows Node that can be seen in addition to palpated

32
Q

Describe edema

A

an abnormal increase in interstitial fluid , caused by excessive filtration or inadequate resorption

33
Q

Give examples of edema caused by excessive filtration

A
  • Increased capillary pressure, increases BHP
  • Destruction of capillary walls allowing proteins to enter interstitial space thus increasing interstitial fluid osmotic pressue (IFOP)
34
Q

Give an example of edema caused by inadequate resorption

A

-Decreased plasma protein (kidney dz, liver dz, malnutrition, burns), lower blood colloid osmotic pressure

A&P 2 Test 2 Circulatory (8 decks)

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