Blood Disorders Flashcards
Define anemia.
Decreased erythrocytes from blood loss, hemolysis or diminished erythropoietin.
Define Polycythemia.
Increased erythrocytes
Platelet deficiency.
Thrombocytopenia, results in bleeding and coagulation disorders.
Hematopoiesis
Formation and development of blood cells.
Where does hematopoiesis take place n children?
Marrow of long bones; tibia and femur.
Where does hematopoiesis take place in adults?
Pelvis, cranium, vertebral bodies, sternum and ribs.
What are some common locations of extramedullary hematopoiesis?
Spleen, live, lymph nodes and thymus. May cause hepatosplenomegaly.
Define hemolysis.
Rupture of erythrocytes. Results in the release of hemoglobin.
Define erythropoiesis.
Erythrocytes production in red bone marrow.
What is a reticulocyte?
An immature erythrocyte.
What are common characteristics of a reticulocyte?
1 - 3% of all erythrocytes.
Maturation after 1 day in circulation.
Define reticulocytopenia.
Diminished circulating reticulocytes due to marrow failure.
Anemia is more common in males or females in the US?
Females at 8%, with males at 4%.
Anemia produces _______ in tissues.
Hypoxia, diminished oxygen supply.
What organ compensates for diminished erythropoiesis in anemia patients?
Kidney increased its production by 5 - 8 times.
What renal cell type increased the production of erythropoietin (EPO)?
Renal fibroblasts.
What are some common features of anemia?
Pallor, fatigue, mental and physical weakness (lassitude), diminished growth, osseous abnormalities, cachexia.
Hemolytic anemia can result in what?
Increased release of bilirubin, causing jaundice or gallstones.
Blood loss anemia is commonly caused by ________.
Burns, internal injuries, diarrhea, abnormal menses.
Blood loss anemia is a risk for _______.
Hypovolemic shock. >20% of total body burns and >20% of blood volume loss.
During renal compensation (renal hypoxia) of blood loss anemia, the kidneys increase the production of what?
Erythropoietin (EPO).
Hemodilution is described as what?
Decreased RBCs with an increase in plasma. Occurs 2 - 3 days after blood loss event.
Reticulocytosis is defined as what?
Increased reticulocytes, resulting in an increase in RBCs. Occurs 5 -7 days after blood loss event.
Iron is required for the synthesis of what protein?
Hemoglobin.
External blood loss will result in diminished ______.
Iron.
Define hemolytic anemia.
Accelerated RBC destruction.
What is the normal life span of a RBC?
~ 120 days.
Compensation for hemolytic anemia wild result in what?
Extramedullary hematopoiesis.
What part of the destroyed RBC is efficiently recycled? And by what cell?
Iron; Macrophages.
Define intracorpuscular hemolytic anemia.
Hereditary enzyme deficiency disorder, causing disordered Hb synthesis.
Define extracorpuscular hemolytic anemia.
Acquired disorder caused by antibodies against RBCs, RBC trauma or infections (malaria).
