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Respiratory and Cardio > Blood Constituents > Flashcards

Blood Constituents Flashcards

1
Q

what percentage of blood is made of cellular components?

A

45% cellular

55% fluid

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2
Q

what is the most dominant cell in the blood?

A

the red blood cell

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3
Q

what is haemopoiesis?

A

the production of blood cells and platelets in bone marrow

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4
Q

how long do platelets and red blood cells live in the blood?

A

erythrocytes - 120 days

platelets - 7/10 days

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5
Q

where does haemopoiesis occur in utero?

A

yolk sac
liver & spleen
bone marrow

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6
Q

where does haemopoiesis occur in children?

A

in all bones

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7
Q

where does haemopoiesis occur in adults?

A

in the axial skeleton

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8
Q

what series of cells produces every blood cell other than lymphocytes?

A

the myeloid series.

monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes, and megakaryocytes to platelets

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9
Q

what series makes the lymphocytes?

A

the lymphoid series

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10
Q

what cell makes platelets?

A

the megakaryocyte - a huge multinucleate cell

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11
Q

what hormone controls red blood cell production?

A

erythropoietin (EPO)

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12
Q

what hormone controls white blood cell production?

A

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)

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13
Q

what hormone controls platelet production?

A

Thrombopoietin (TPO)

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14
Q

what groups/chains is haemoglobin made of?

A

4 protein (globin) chains, a haem ring and an iron (Fe2+)

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15
Q

how does the haemoglobin allow for oxygen transport?

A

each haem group has a ferrous iron in the middle which attracts oxygen at high concentrations and releases it at low concentrations

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16
Q

what vitamin deficiency can cause a lack of iron in haem groups?

A

B12

17
Q

name 2 important haemoglobin diseases?

A

sickle cell

beta-thalassemia

18
Q 
what are the life lenghts of the different white blood cells?
neutrophils
monocytes
basophils
eosinophils
lymphocytes
A

neutrophils - 6/10 hours
monocytes - 20/40 hours
basophils/eosinophils - days
lymphocytes - weeks/years

19
Q

whats the most common white blood cell?

A

neutrophils

20
Q

what is in plasma?

A

water

proteins (immunoglobins, albumin, carrier proteins, coagulation proteins)

21
Q

what does albumin do?

A

determines the oncotic pressure of the blood

22
Q

what does a lack of albumin cause?

A

causes oedema

23
Q

where is albumin produced?

A

liver

24
Q

what enzymes are involved in the clotting cascade?

A

prothrombin –> thrombin (via serine protease)

thrombin turns fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin

Respiratory and Cardio (5 decks)

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