Blood- Components, Hematopoeisis & Hemostasis Flashcards
What are the 7 Main roles of Blood
Some of the most vital functions of Blood are : 1. Transportation of nutrition and respiratory gases and wastes 2. immunological function 3. Repair (blood platelets , clotting) 4. Messenger function 5. Regulating temperature 6. Regulating pH 7. Hydraulic function
Decreasing the venous return does what to : Blood Pressure
Decreases Blood Pressure
Decreased Cardiac Output does what to: blood pressure
Decreased blood pressure because there is less resistance
Increased vasoconstriction does what to resistance:
Increased resistance
Decreased blood viscosity to blood pressure:
Decreased blood pressure
Decreased sympathetic activity on blood pressure:
Decreased blood pressure
What is Cardiac Output
The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute mL blood/min
What is Stroke volume ?
The volume of blood, in millimetres pumped out of the heart with each beat
What within Erythrocytes transports most of oxygen and part of the carbon dioxide.
Hemoglobin: oxygen binds to the heme on the hemoglobin molecule.
Normal levels of RBC’s in Hematocrit for Adult Males: Adult Females:
Adult Males: 40.7 to 50.3% Adult Females: 32 to 44.3. %
Why are hematocrit levels higher in makes than females ? (2)
- Testosterone stimulates the production of erythropoietin witch stimulates erythropoiesis ( the production of new erythrocytes) 2. Women during reproductive age lose blood during menstruation.
What is the life span of an erythrocytes and why is it short?
100-120 days because erythrocytes do not contain a nucleus they can not repair themselves when damaged
Why are erythrocytes the shape they are ( bi-concaved disks) ?
Increases the surface area of the cell thus increasing the efficiency of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide
What are them main roles of WBC ?
- Help heal wounds by fighting infection and ingesting matter such as dead cells, debris and old RBC’s 2. Protection from foreign bodies 3. Protection against mutated cells such as cancers
What are the Role(s) of Neutrophils, when do they increase and what is a normal range to be found in the blood?
Neutrophils are one of the bodies main defences against bacteria, they ingest by phagocytosis ( consume the foreign invader).They increase rapidly during acute or short term infections A normal range of neutrophils is 40 to 70% of WBC
What are the Role(s) of Eosinophils, when do they increase and what is a normal range to be found in the blood?
Kill parasites by inundating them with digestive enzymes. The increase during a parasitic infection or allergies. A normal range found is 1-4%
What are the Role(s) of Basophils and what is a normal range to be found in the blood?
Basophils release histamine which causes blood vessels to leak and attract WBC’s and heparin which prevents clotting in the infected area so that the WBC’s can reach the bacteria. A normal range is 0-1%
What are the Role(s) of Monocytes , when do they increase and what is a normal range to be found in the blood?
Monocytes become macrophages in response to an infection or accumulating dead or damaged cells. Macrophages recognize, target and destroy target cells. Are increased in number during chronic infections. A normal range is 4-8%
What are the Role(s) of Lymphocytes, and what is a normal range to be found in the blood?
Lymphocytes can recognize and have a memory of an invading bacteria and virus. T lymphocytes directly attack cells ( tumours, viruses ) and B lymphocytes produce antibodies
What is Pictured?
A Neutrophil: Stains pale pink, with a deep purple nuculus consisting of three to seven lobes conected by thin strands
What is pictured?
An Esinophile: Nuculus stains blue-red with a figure 8 shape
What is pictured?
A Basophile: stains dark blue, has a granular apperance, nuculus is S or U shaped.
What is pictured?
A Lymphocyte: Pale blue cytoplasm with a sperical nuculus stained dark purple-blue
What is pictured?
A Monocyte: grey blue cytoplasm with a kidney shaped nucleus
What is Hematopoeisis?
The Formation of Blood Cells
Where is the site of Hematopoeisis?
The red bone marrow which contains Pluripotent stem cells ( cells that have the capacity to develop into many different types of cells)
Depending on the signal that is picked up by the receptors on the pluripotent stem cells (located in red bone marrow) Pluripotent cells generate either ______ or _______?
Myloid Stem Cells or Lymphoid Stem Cells
What Hormone stimulates the Formation of RBC’s?
EPO (Erythropoeitin)
What is a major stimulus for extra production of EPO
Hypoxia (inadequate oxygen levels)
Name and explain the three mechanisms that reduce blood loss?
- Vascular Spasms: when arteries or arterioles are damaged their smooth muscle contract (vasoconstriction).
