Blood- Components, Hematopoeisis & Hemostasis

Question 1

What are the 7 Main roles of Blood

Answer 1

Some of the most vital functions of Blood are : 1. Transportation of nutrition and respiratory gases and wastes 2. immunological function 3. Repair (blood platelets , clotting) 4. Messenger function 5. Regulating temperature 6. Regulating pH 7. Hydraulic function

Question 2

Decreasing the venous return does what to : Blood Pressure

Answer 2

Decreases Blood Pressure

Question 3

Decreased Cardiac Output does what to: blood pressure

Answer 3

Decreased blood pressure because there is less resistance

Question 4

Increased vasoconstriction does what to resistance:

Answer 4

Increased resistance

Question 5

Decreased blood viscosity to blood pressure:

Answer 5

Decreased blood pressure

Question 6

Decreased sympathetic activity on blood pressure:

Answer 6

Decreased blood pressure

Question 7

What is Cardiac Output

Answer 7

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute mL blood/min

Question 8

What is Stroke volume ?

Answer 8

The volume of blood, in millimetres pumped out of the heart with each beat

Question 9

What within Erythrocytes transports most of oxygen and part of the carbon dioxide.

Answer 9

Hemoglobin: oxygen binds to the heme on the hemoglobin molecule.

Question 10

Normal levels of RBC’s in Hematocrit for Adult Males: Adult Females:

Answer 10

Adult Males: 40.7 to 50.3% Adult Females: 32 to 44.3. %

Question 11

Why are hematocrit levels higher in makes than females ? (2)

Answer 11

1. Testosterone stimulates the production of erythropoietin witch stimulates erythropoiesis ( the production of new erythrocytes) 2. Women during reproductive age lose blood during menstruation.

Question 12

What is the life span of an erythrocytes and why is it short?

Answer 12

100-120 days because erythrocytes do not contain a nucleus they can not repair themselves when damaged

Question 13

Why are erythrocytes the shape they are ( bi-concaved disks) ?

Answer 13

Increases the surface area of the cell thus increasing the efficiency of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 14

What are them main roles of WBC ?

Answer 14

1. Help heal wounds by fighting infection and ingesting matter such as dead cells, debris and old RBC’s 2. Protection from foreign bodies 3. Protection against mutated cells such as cancers

Question 15

What are the Role(s) of Neutrophils, when do they increase and what is a normal range to be found in the blood?

Answer 15

Neutrophils are one of the bodies main defences against bacteria, they ingest by phagocytosis ( consume the foreign invader).They increase rapidly during acute or short term infections A normal range of neutrophils is 40 to 70% of WBC

Question 16

What are the Role(s) of Eosinophils, when do they increase and what is a normal range to be found in the blood?

Answer 16

Kill parasites by inundating them with digestive enzymes. The increase during a parasitic infection or allergies. A normal range found is 1-4%

Question 17

What are the Role(s) of Basophils and what is a normal range to be found in the blood?

Answer 17

Basophils release histamine which causes blood vessels to leak and attract WBC’s and heparin which prevents clotting in the infected area so that the WBC’s can reach the bacteria. A normal range is 0-1%

Question 18

What are the Role(s) of Monocytes , when do they increase and what is a normal range to be found in the blood?

Answer 18

Monocytes become macrophages in response to an infection or accumulating dead or damaged cells. Macrophages recognize, target and destroy target cells. Are increased in number during chronic infections. A normal range is 4-8%

Question 19

What are the Role(s) of Lymphocytes, and what is a normal range to be found in the blood?

Answer 19

Lymphocytes can recognize and have a memory of an invading bacteria and virus. T lymphocytes directly attack cells ( tumours, viruses ) and B lymphocytes produce antibodies

Question 20

What is Pictured?

Answer 20

A Neutrophil: Stains pale pink, with a deep purple nuculus consisting of three to seven lobes conected by thin strands

Question 21

What is pictured?

Answer 21

An Esinophile: Nuculus stains blue-red with a figure 8 shape

Question 22

What is pictured?

Answer 22

A Basophile: stains dark blue, has a granular apperance, nuculus is S or U shaped.

Question 23

What is pictured?

Answer 23

A Lymphocyte: Pale blue cytoplasm with a sperical nuculus stained dark purple-blue

Question 24

What is pictured?

Answer 24

A Monocyte: grey blue cytoplasm with a kidney shaped nucleus

Question 25

What is Hematopoeisis?

Answer 25

The Formation of Blood Cells

Question 26

Where is the site of Hematopoeisis?

Answer 26

The red bone marrow which contains Pluripotent stem cells ( cells that have the capacity to develop into many different types of cells)

Question 27

Depending on the signal that is picked up by the receptors on the pluripotent stem cells (located in red bone marrow) Pluripotent cells generate either ______ or _______?

Answer 27

Myloid Stem Cells or Lymphoid Stem Cells

Question 28

What Hormone stimulates the Formation of RBC’s?

Answer 28

EPO (Erythropoeitin)

Question 29

What is a major stimulus for extra production of EPO

Answer 29

Hypoxia (inadequate oxygen levels)

Question 30

Name and explain the three mechanisms that reduce blood loss?

Answer 30

1. Vascular Spasms: when arteries or arterioles are damaged their smooth muscle contract (vasoconstriction).