Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Components of blood/haemostasis > Blood Components > Flashcards

Blood Components Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 functions of blood?

A

Transport
Regulation
Protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the blood transport?

A
  • O2 from lungs and CO2 to lungs
  • Nutrients from digestive tract to body tissue
  • Waste from cells to kidneys
  • Hormones from endocrine glands to target organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the blood regulate in the body?

A
  • pH through blood buffers
  • Body temperature
  • Water content through interactions with ions and proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does the blood protect the body?

A
  • Contains antibodies and WBCs to destroy pathogens.

- Haemostasis prevents excessive blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the components of plasma?

A

Proteins, water, platelets, leukocytes, erythrocytes, others solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the main components of blood?

A

Platelets, red blood cells, plasma, white blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List some characteristics of blood

A 
 Thicker than water (more viscous)
 Flows more slowly than water
 pH 7.35 to 7.45
 Temperature 38° C
 Total adult volume 4 – 6 litres
 Adult female 4 - 5L
 Adult male 5 – 6L
 Infants and children have lower blood volumes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can haematology testing can tell you about your patient?

A

Diagnose anemia, infection, hemophilia, blood-clotting disorders, and leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the functions of RBC?

A
  • Carry oxygen
  • Contains haemaglobin (Hb), an oxygen-carrying protein that provides blood with its red colour
  • Increases surface area for rapid entry and exit of O2 by diffusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the functions of WBC?

A

 Defend against disease by pathogens, toxins,

cancer and damaged cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the functions of platelets?

A

 Release chemicals which promote blood clotting
 Form a platelet plug in a ‘hole’ of damaged tissue to prevent
blood loss
 Aggregate other platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the structure of RBC

A

Flexible structure to move through narrow capillaries. No nucleus or organelles (no cell division)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe some characteristics of platelets

A

Platelets, are small, colorless cell fragments in our blood that form clots and stop or prevent bleeding. They are made in our bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe some characteristics of WBC

A

There become increased level of WBC in the presence of microorganisms, strenuous exercise and after anaethesia and surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are WBC located?

A

 Blood vessels
 Lymphatic system
 Skin, lungs and spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When would the rate of RBC production increase?

A

After excessive bleeding, when availability of O2 is low and inadequate production of RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does too many red blood cells do to your blood?

A

Makes its too viscous

18
Q

What does too few red blood cells do?

A

Cause tissues to lack O2

19
Q

What is Haemoglobin

A

Hemoglobin is the protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs.

20
Q

What is Haematocrit?

A

The haematocrit (Hct) or packed cell volume (PCV) is the percentage of whole blood that is made up by the red blood cells

21
Q

What is Haemoglobin made up of?

A

Protein with 4 Haemoglobin molecules attached. Each Hb can carry 4 oxygen molecules and is considered fully saturated

22
Q

What is the life cycle of a RBC?

A 
 Macrophages in spleen and liver
phagocytose aged or damaged
RBC
 Breakdown of Hb releases haeme
and globin
 Globin = converted to amino acids
for protein synthesis
 Haeme = degraded into iron that
can be stored or used to produce
new Hb or bilirubin
 Bilirubin is excreted into bile and then faeces
23
Q

Describe Eosinophils

A
  • Combat parasites and helminths
  • Also involved in allergic response
  • Primarily in the gut and adipose tissue, thymus and bone marrow.
24
Q

Describe Basophils

A
  • Primarily in the blood
  • Key role in inflammatory reactions
  • Contain heparin and histamine
25
Q

Describe Neutrophils

A

 Fastest to respond to bacterial tissue damage
 Engulf pathogens by phagocytosis
 Short life span (minutes to days)
 Numbers increase during bacterial infections

26
Q

Describe Fixed Macrophages

A

Make up 3-8% of circulating WBC

27
Q

The normal pH of the blood is?

A

7.35 - 7.45

28
Q

The percentage of whole blood that is made up by the red blood cells is called the

A

Haematocrit

29
Q

State four functions of platelets.

A
  • Platelets release chemicals which increase vasoconstriction
  • The intrinsic pathway is initiated by a platelet factor
  • Facilitate clot retraction to draw the edges of the wound together
  • Platelets immediately release chemicals to stimulate the healing process.
30
Q

The production of red blood cells increases when there is higher levels of what in the blood?

A

Erythropoietin

31
Q

A low platelet count may cause?

A

Excess bleeding

32
Q

Aged red blood cells are destroyed mainly by macrophages in the

A

Spleen

33
Q

An adult human contains about _____ pints of blood

A

4-6 pints

34
Q

Neutrophils and macrophages are active in?

A

Phagocytosis

35
Q

The primary site of hemopoiesis in adult humans is in the?

A

Red bone marrow

36
Q

Which blood cell type is elevated in a parasitic infection ?

A

Eosinophils

37
Q

Vascular spasms and platelet plug formation are steps in

A

Hemostasis

38
Q

Which formed elements of the blood are produced from fragments of cells?

A

Thrombocytes

39
Q

Describe monocytes

A

• Produced in the bone marrow and then migrate to tissue. They are the largest type of WBC. They act as phagocytes, produce cytokines and are involved in antigen presentation.

40
Q

Describe Macrophages

A

Circulating in the blood as free-wondering macrophages or fixed in specific tissue sites. Specialised in detection, phagocytosis and destruction of pathogens

Components of blood/haemostasis (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions