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Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion Medicine > Blood Component Preparation And Therapy > Flashcards

Blood Component Preparation And Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma-derived components (8)

A 
Fresh frozen plasma
Plasma
Cryoprecipitate
Factor VIII concentrate
Factor IX concentrate
Anti-inhibitor coagulation complex
Immune globin
Albumin/plasma protein factor
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2
Q

Hard spin aka

A

Heavy spin

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3
Q

Heavy spin aka

A

Hard spin

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4
Q

Speed and time for PRBC

A

Heavy/hard spin

-5000 g for 5 mins

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5
Q

Speed and time for platelet concentrate

A

Heavy/hard spin

-5000 g for 5 mins

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6
Q

Speed and time for preparing cryoprecipitate

A

Heavy/hard spin

-5000 g for 7 mins

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7
Q

Speed and time for preparing leukocyte-reduced RBC

A

Heavy/hard spin

-5000 g for 7 mins

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8
Q

Speed and time for preparing cell free plasma

A

Heavy/hard spin

-5000 g for 7 mins

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9
Q

Speed and time for preparing PRP

A

Light/soft spin

2000 g for 3 min

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10
Q

Hard/heavy spin (2)

A

5000 g for 5 mins
-PRBC, PC
5000 g for 7 mins
-cryoprecipitate, leukocyte-reduced RBC, cell free plasma

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11
Q

Light/soft spin (1)

A

2000 g for 3 min

-PRP

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12
Q

Used to replace the loss of both RBC mass and plasma volume in actively bleeding patients

A

Whole blood

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13
Q

T/F: no viable plts in whole blood

A

True

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14
Q

T/F: decreased labile coagulation factors (Factor V and VIII) in whole blood

A

True

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15
Q

Labile coagulation factors which are decreased in whole blood (2)

A

Factor V

Factor VIII

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16
Q

Whole blood for exchange transfusion should be __ old

A

Less than 6 days old

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17
Q

PRBC prepared by (2)

A

A. Sedimentation

B. Centrifugation

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18
Q

For treatment of symptomatic anemia where O2 capacity is needed

A

PRBC

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19
Q

For Px who can’t tolerate increased blood col

A

PRBC

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20
Q

Advantages of PRBC over whole blood (3)

A

Equal O2 capacity in half the vol of whole blood
Significant reduction in antibodies (anti-A and anti-B) facilitating safe transfusion of group O to non-group O recipients
Significant reduction in lvls of acid, citrate, and potassium load in Px’s with cardiac, liver, and renal diseases

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21
Q

For neonates

A

RBC aliquots

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22
Q

RBC aliquotes for treatment of anemia caused by (3)

A

Spontaneous fetomaternal hemorrhage
Obstetric accidents
Internal hemorrhage

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23
Q

For the treatment of anemia caused by spontaneous fetomaternal hemorrhage, obstetric accidents, internal hemorrhage

A

RBC aliquotes

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24
Q

Ave unit of RBC contains __ WBCs

A

2x10^9 leukocytes

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25
Q

A reduced leukocyte content to __ prevents repeated non-hemolytic febrile transfusion rxns

A

Less than 5x10^8 leukocytes

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26
Q

A reduced leukocyte content to 5x10^8 prevents

A

repeated non-hemolytic febrile transfusion rxns

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27
Q

A reduced leukocyte content to __ prevents HLA sensitization

A

5x10^6

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28
Q

A reduced leukocyte content to 5x10^6 prevents

A

HLA sensitization

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29
Q

Reduces immunosuppression of recipient by donor WBC

A

Leukocyte reduced RBC

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30
Q

Prevents allo immunization to HLA, CMV transmission, and recurrent non-hemolytic febrile transfusion rxn

A

Leukocyte reduced RBC

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31
Q

T/F: Leukocyte reduced RBC DOESN’T prevent graft vs host disease

A

True

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32
Q

Most gods to prepare leukocyte-reduced RBCs (2)

A

Centrifugation

Filtration

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33
Q

Leukocyte reduced RBC: filters (3)

-describe each

A
  1. generation: 1st
    Pore size: 170-260 um
    Filter/mechanism: screen filter- removes fibrin clots
  2. Generation: 2nd
    Pore size: 20-40 um
    Filter/mechanism: micropore screen filter- remove microaggregates like plts, nucleus, degenerated WBCs, cell fragments
  3. Generation: 3rd
    Pore size: n/a
    Filter/mechanism: adhesion filter- removes almost 99.9% of WBCs leaving less than 5x10^8 WBCs
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34
Q

Removes fibrin clots

A

First generation filter: screen filter

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35
Q

Remove micro aggregates like nucleus, plts, degenerated WBCs, cell fragments

A

2nd generation: micropore screen filter

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36
Q

Removes 99.9% of WBC leaving less than 5x10^8 WBC

A

Third generation filter

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37
Q

First generation filter pore size

A

170-260 um

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38
Q

Second generation filter pore size

A

20-40 um

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39
Q

Washed RBCs for the treatment of (4)

A

AIHA
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Px’s with IgA deficiency
Allergic reactions

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40
Q 
Given to treat 
AIHA
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Px's with IgA deficiency
Allergic reactions
A

Washed RBCs

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41
Q

For prolonged cell storage for rare blood donor units, autologous units, and units for special purposes (like intrauterine transfusion)

A

Frozen deglycerolized RBCs

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42
Q

Process which removes nearly all WBCs and plasma

A

Frozen deglycerolized RBCs

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43
Q

200-250 mL of plasma frozen at -18•C within 8 hrs of collection

A

Fresh frozen plasma

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44
Q

FFP: __ mL of plasma frozen at -18•C within 8 hrs of collection

A

200-250

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45
Q

FFP: __ mL of plasma frozen at __ within __ hrs of collection

A

200-250 mL
-18•C
8 hrs

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46
Q

T/F: FFP without plts available

A

True

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47
Q

contains all coagulation factors

A

Fresh frozen plasma

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48
Q

Used to treat multiple coagulation deficiencies occurring in patients with liver failure, vit K deficiency, DIC, massive transfusion, warfarin toxicity

A

Fresh frozen plasma

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49
Q

Used to treat multiple coagulation deficiencies occurring in patients with (5)

A

liver failure, vit K deficiency, DIC, massive transfusion, warfarin toxicity

50
Q

Safer products for blood col expansion or protein replacement (3)

A

Serum albumin
Synthetic colloids
Balanced salt solutions

51
Q

Cold insoluble portion of plasma that precipitates when FFP has been thawed between 1-6•C

A

Cryoprecipitate

52
Q

Cryoprecipitate is the Cold insoluble portion of plasma that precipitates when FFP has been thawed between __•C

53
Q

Vol of cryoprecipitate

54
Q

Time needed for thawing and pooling

55
Q

Used primarily for the replacement of fibrinogen which is indicated among Px’s with liver failure, DIC, massive transfusion, or those with congenital fibrinogen deficiency

A

Cryoprecipitate

56
Q

Cryoprecipitate is used primarily for the replacement of fibrinogen which is indicated among Px’s with (4)

A

liver failure, DIC, massive transfusion, or those with congenital fibrinogen deficiency

57
Q

Cryoprecipitate can also be a source of (3)

A

Factor VIII
factor XIII
Von Willebrand fractor

58
Q

Can also be a source of the ff
Factor VIII
factor XIII
Von Willebrand fractor

A

Cryoprecipitate

59
Q

T/F: cryoprecipitate is no longer a pro duct of choice for FVIII and Von Willebrand deficiency

60
Q

FVIII and Von Willebrand deficiency now treated with (2)

A

Factor VIII concentrate
Desmopressin acetate: DDAVP
-1-deamino(8-D-arginine)-vasopressin

61
Q

Quality control: 1 U cryoprecipitate with

A

150-250 mg fibrinogen
80-120 IU Factor VIII
40-70% Von Willebrand factor
20-30% Factor XIII

62
Q

Cryoprecipitate: storage:
1 yr if frozen at __
6 hrs if thawed at ___
4 hrs if __

A

-18•C
20-24•C
Pooled

63
Q

Cryoprecipitate: storage:
__ if frozen at -18•C
__ if thawed at 20-24•C
__ if pooled

A

1 yr
6 hrs
4 hrs

64
Q

Essential in primary hemostasis

65
Q

May be prepared by processing UNrefrigerated whole blood within 6-8 hrs of phlebotomy or through apheresis

A

Platelet concentrate

66
Q

May be prepared by processing UNrefrigerated whole blood within __ hrs of phlebotomy or through apheresis

67
Q

Used among bleeding Px’s suffering from thrombocytopenia as a result of problem in Px’s

A

Platelet concentrate

68
Q

Thrombocytopenia may be caused by (2)

A

Defective of deficient plt prodxn

Induced destruction of plt due to radiation or chemotherapy

69
Q 
Quality control: platelet concentrate 
Random donor plt:
Single donor plt:
Storage temp and special consideration: 
Shelf life:
pH:
A 
Random donor plt: 5.5x10^10
Single donor plt: 3x10^11
Storage temp and special consideration: 20-20•C with constant agitation
Shelf life: 3/5 days (if pooled, 4 hrs)
pH: 6.0
70
Q

Each unit of plt is expected to proved the ff increase in plt ct (assumin 70kg indiv)
RDP:
SDP:

A

RDP: 5000-10000/uL
SDP: 20000-60000/uL (same with 3-6 pools of RDP)

71
Q

Plt concentrate: interpretation

>10000/uL: __

A

Good increment

Refractoriness

72
Q

Granulocytes concentrate prepared by

A

Cytapheresis (granulocytapheresis)

73
Q

Granulocyte concentrate:

Each product contains __ granulocytes if __ a/o __ are used

A

1x10^10 granulocytes

Steroids, HES- hydroxyethyl starch

74
Q

__ contains 200-600 mL plasma stored at 20-24•C WITHOUT agitation

A

Granulocyte concentrate

75
Q

Granulocyte concentrate contains __ mL plasma stored at __•C WITHOUT agitation

A

200-600 mL

20-24•C

76
Q

Granulocyte concentrate for (5)

A 
Septicemia
Severe neutropenia
Neonates with impaired neutrophil func
Reversible BM hypoplasia
Fever
77
Q 
Used for treatment of the ff
Septicemia
Severe neutropenia
Neonates with impaired neutrophil func
Reversible BM hypoplasia
Fever
A

Granulocyte concentrate

78
Q

Granulocyte concentrate dosage:
A. Adults
B. Neonates

A

A. Adults
-one granulocytapheresis product daily for 4 or more days
B. Neonates
-Buffy coat or a granulocyte unit given once or twice

79
Q

Formerly known as liquid plasma or cryoprecipitate poor plasma

80
Q

Plasma formerly known as (2)

A

liquid plasma or cryoprecipitate poor plasma

81
Q

Has small amounts of factors V and VIII

82
Q

Plasma has small amounts of (2)

A

Factors V and VIII

83
Q

T/F: plasma not recommended for those with deficiency in either Factor V and VIII

84
Q

Plasma recommended for (2)

A

Treatment of stable coagulation deficiency, esp factor IX

Plasma source for lxs undergoing plasma exchange

85
Q

Used for:
Treatment of stable coagulation deficiency, esp factor IX
Plasma source for lxs undergoing plasma exchange

86
Q

Factor VIII concentrate prepared by (2) of __

A

Fractionation and lyophilization

Pooled plasma

87
Q

Factor viii concentrate derived from __ obtained by __

A

Pooled plasma

Plasmapheresis

88
Q

Factor VIII concentrate stored at __ temp and reconstituted with __ at the time of infusion

A

Refrigerator (4•C)

Saline

89
Q

Used to treat patients with hemophilia A

A

Factor VIII concentrate

90
Q

Hemophilia A aka

A

Factor VIII deficiency

91
Q

Factor viii deficiency aka

A

Hemophilia A

92
Q

Factor VIII concentrate used to treat

A

Hemophilia A

93
Q

Prepared from pooled plasma using separation and viral inactivation

A

Factor IX concentrate

94
Q

Factor IX concentrate prepared from __ using __ and __

A

Pooled plasma

Separation, viral inactivation

95
Q

Factor IX concentrate contains (4)

A

Factors II VII IX X

96
Q

Used to treat hemophilia B

A

Factor IX concentrate

97
Q

Hemophilia B aka

A

Factor IX deficiency

98
Q

Factor IX deficiency aka

A

Hemophilia B

99
Q

Factor IX concentrate used to treat

A

Hemophilia B

100
Q

Plasma left after separation from whole blood of cellular components and cryoprecipitate

A

Cryosupernate

101
Q

Cryosupernate used to treat (3)

A

Bleeding other than hemophilia
Hypofibrinogemia
Hypovolemia

102
Q

Used to treat the ff
Bleeding other than hemophilia
Hypofibrinogemia
Hypovolemia

A

Cryosupernate

103
Q

inactivates T lymphocytes in donor unit and prevents graft vs host disease

A

Gamma irradiated RBC

104
Q

Gamma irradiated RBC inactivates __ in donor unit and prevents __

A

T lymphocytes

Graft vs host disease

105
Q

Patients susceptible to transfusion-acqd graft vs host disease (TA-GVHD) (7)

A 
Bone marrow transplant recipients
Severe combined immunodeficiency
Hodgkin's lymphoma
Di George syndrome
Intrauterine transfusion
Exchange transfusio
Directed donations from blood relatives
106
Q

Gamma irradiated RBCs: __ and __ exposed to __ irradiation at __ rads for __ mins

A

RBCs, plts
Gamma
25 rads, 4.5 mins

107
Q

vit K dependent and define protease inhibitor

108
Q

Inactivated factors V and VIII preventing thrombus formation

109
Q

Used for patients with alpha-1-anti trypsin deficiency which is assoc with emphysema and live disease

A

Alpha protease inhibitor concentrates

110
Q

For the treatment of angiodema of the mucosa and submucosa of resp and GI tracts

A

C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate

111
Q

Use of patient’s own blood, particularly useful in elective surgery

A

Autologous transfusion

112
Q

Autologous transfusion accounts for __% in US

113
Q

Accounts for 5% of transfusions in US

A

Autologous transfusion

114
Q

Reduced need for allogenic BT, reduces risk of postoperative complications like infection, tumor

A

Autologous transfusion

115
Q

4 types of autologous transfusions

A

Preoperative collection
Normovolemic hemodilution
Intraoperative collection
Postoerative “SHED” collection

116
Q

Blood is withdrawn and stored before anticipated transfusion, used for stable Px’s scheduled for surgical procedure

A

Preoperative collection

117
Q

Collection of 1 or more units of blood at the beginning of surgery with replacement of Px’s blood vol using crystalloid or colloid solns. Blood is reinfused during or at the end of surgery

A

Normovolemic hemodilution

118
Q

Blood is collected during surgical procedure by aspiration from surgical site. It is then processed and is rein fused to Px immediately after surgery

A

Intraoperative collection

119
Q

Collection of blood from drainage tube placed in surgical site and rein fusion following open heart and traumatic hemothorax

A

Postoperative “SHED” collection

120
Q

Autologous donor Px may donate blood every __ but NOT within __ of surgery to allow plasma to normalize before surgery

A

3 days

72 hrs

121
Q

__ mg of __ or __ given every 3x daily as iron supplement if several units rqd within a few weeks

A

320 mg of ferrous sulfate or ferrous gluconate

122
Q

Blood components (10)

A 
Whole blood
RBCs
Leukocyte-reduced rbc
Washed RBC
Frozen or deglycerolized RBC
Granulocyte pheresis
Plt concentrate
Plt pheresis
Leukocyte-reduced plt
RBC-adenine saline added

Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion Medicine (2 decks)

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