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MT12 (G) Laboratory > Blood Collection > Flashcards

Blood Collection Flashcards

1
Q

Most important phase

A

Pre-analytical

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2
Q

The first step in most laboratory analysis.

A

Specimen Collection

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3
Q

Can be measured by the proper specimen collection and handling.

A

Accuracy and Precision

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4
Q

Are test results therefore said to be not as good as sample collection and handling?

True or False

A

False

Test results are therefore said to be as good as sample collection and handling.

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5
Q

Part of Pre-analytical

A

Patient Identification Procedures

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6
Q

What to do if the patient is conscious

Patient Identification Procedures

A

Verbally ask their full names

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7
Q

How do we verify the conscious patient’s identify

Patient Identification Procedures

A

verify it using the identification bracelet which includes first and last name, hospital number/unit number, room/bed and physician’s name.

It si always necessary to double-check ptient information on the request form.

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8
Q

What to do if the patient is sleeping

Patient Identification Procedures

A

They must be awakened before blood collection.

Identified same as conscious patients

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9
Q

What to do if the patient is unconscious/mentally incompetent

Patient Identification Procedures

A

Identified by asking the attending nurse or relative; ID bracelet

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10
Q

Where is the ID bracelet usually placed on the baby patient

Patient Identification Procedures

A

Usually placed on either the wrist or ankle of the baby

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11
Q

What to do if the patient are infants or children

Patient Identification Procedures

A

Nurse or relative may identify the patient or by ID bracelet

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12
Q

What to do if the patient is an outpatient

Patient Identification Procedures

A

verbally ask their full name, DOB and counter check with driver’s license or ID with photo.

If the patient has ID card or bracelet, same manner as with hospitalized patients.

Driver lincense is optional, is strictly for blood donation, but is a requirement

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13
Q

What form does blood take in vivo

What does in vivo mean

A

It is in fluid form in vivo due to the naturally circulating anticoagulants

Inside the body

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14
Q

What does blood do if its in vitro

What does in vitro mean

A

in vitro, blood coagulates within 5-10 minutes

outside the body

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15
Q

Why is blood red in color

A

Red in color due to hemoglobin

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16
Q

Average pH of blood

A

7.4 pH

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17
Q

How much liters of blood do adult males have

A

5-6 liters of blood

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18
Q

How much liters of blood do females have ?

A

4-5 liters of blood

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19
Q

do adult males have more blood then adult females?

Why

A

Yes

due to having larger body builds

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20
Q

Liquid portion of blood

A
  • Plasma
  • Serum
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21
Q

liquid portion of the unclotted blood with the protein fibrinogen

A

Plasma

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22
Q

liquid portion of the clotted blood without the fibrinogen.

A

Serum

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23
Q

Solid portion of blood

A
  • Red blood cells
  • White blood cells
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24
Q

Gaseous portion of blood

A

involves an exchange between oxygen and CO2

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25
Q

Capillary blood specimen is a mixture of:

A
  1. Arterial blood
  2. Venous blood
  3. Capillary blood
  4. Interstitial blood
  5. Intracellular fluid
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26
Q

Bright Red-Oxygenated Blood

A

Arterial Blood

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27
Q

Dark Red - Deoxygenated

A

Venous Blood

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28
Q

A fingerstick to obtain blood for routine laboratory analysis is usually preferred for children.

A

Skin puncture/Capillary puncture

29
Q

Length of the lncet used for skin puncture/capillary puncture

30
Q

The depth of the incision for children in skin puncture/capillary puncture

31
Q

The depth of the incision for adults in skin puncture/capillary puncture

32
Q

What could happened if we puncture too deep

A

Osteomyelitis

33
Q

Inflammation of the bone due to bacterial infection

A

Osteomyelitis

34
Q

Lancet for babies

A

micropreemie

35
Q

Ideal place for skin puncture/capillary puncture

A
  • Middle and Ring finger (Some books say Index is okay)
  • Lateral or medial plantar heel surface
  • Plantar surface of big toe
  • Earlobes
36
Q

Which finger should not be punctures

Why

A

Pinky finger

Has the thinnest layer of skin

37
Q

Where do we prick on babies

Ideal place

A

Heel prick

Lateral or medial plantar heel

38
Q

Sites to avoid when pricking

A
  1. Inflamed and pallor areas
  2. Cold and cyanotic areas
  3. Congested and edematous areas
  4. Scarred and heavily calloused areas
39
Q

Advantages of skin puncture

A
  • It is accessible to the operator
  • Easy to manipulate
  • Ideal for peripheral blood smears.
  • It is less painful due to lesser nerve endings.
  • There is more free flow of blood due to thinner skin layer.
  • Less tissue juice contamination due to lesser tissues and muscle (earlobe).

Do not squeeze or could rsult to hemolyzed RBCs or hematoma

40
Q

Disadvantages of skin puncture

A
  1. Less amount of blood can be obtained
  2. Additional and repeated test cannot be done
  3. Blood obtained has tendencies to hemolyze easily.
41
Q

Sterile, disposable, sharp instruments used for capillary puncture. Their blades or points must permanently retract to prevent sharp injuries.

A

Lancets

The higher the gauze the smaller the needle

42
Q

Special small plastic tubes often referred to as “bullets”

Most have color-coded stoppers that correspond to color-coding of ETS tubes

A

Microcollection tube

Microtubes or microcontainers

43
Q

Color coded stopper for plasma

A

Purple colored stopper

44
Q

Color coded stopper for serum

A

Red colored stopper

45
Q

Narrow-bore capillary tubes primarily used for manual hematocrit determination

Either coated with heparin forcollecting directly from acapillary puncture or plain tobe used when filling withblood from an EDTA tube

A

Microhematocrit

Blue = no anti-coagulant
Red = anti-coagulant; heparin

46
Q

claylike substances used to seal one end of microhematocrit tubes.

47
Q

Ideal height to be used for sealants

48
Q

Indication for Capillary puncture

A
  • Can be done if small amount of blood is required.
  • There are no accessible veins
  • Available veins are fragile or must be saved for other procedures such as chemotherapy
  • Blood is to be obtained for POCT procedures such as glucose monitoring
  • Capillary blood is the preferred specimen for some tests such as newborn screening
49
Q

Skin punctures are also useful for the following adult patients:

A
  1. Patients with severe burns
  2. Obese patients
  3. Patients with thrombic tendiencies
  4. Oncology patients whose veins are being saved for therapy
  5. Geriatric patients
  6. hose who have fragile veins
  7. Patients doing home testing (e.g., blood glucose screening)
50
Q

When is skin puncture not used

A

when testing require larger amounts of blood, interstitial fluids dilute the blood to some extent and when patient has poor peripheral circulation.

51
Q

Step one for Skin Puncture

A

Identify patient properly.

Make them feel comfortable

52
Q

Step two of Skin Puncture

A

Verify the patient’s condition

ask wether they fasted or not

53
Q

Step three for Skin Puncture

A

Position the patient

54
Q

Step five for Sin Puncture

A

Disinfect the site of collection in concentric fashion.

55
Q

Step four for Skin Puncture

A

Choose the best location for fingerstick namely the 3rd and 4th fingers of the non-dominant hand.

56
Q

Step six for Skin Puncture

A

Allow area to dry (from the alcohol) completely. Prepare the materials needed.

57
Q

Step seven for Skin Puncture

A

Make a skin puncture using sterile lancet

58
Q

Step eight for Skin Puncture

A

Wipe aways the first drop of blood

59
Q

Step nine for Skin Puncture

A

Collect drops of blood into the capillary tube

60
Q

Step ten for Skin Puncture

A

Fill 2/3 of tubes

61
Q

Step eleven for Skin Puncture

A

Invert capillary tube to mix

62
Q

Step twelve for Skin Puncture

A

Place cotton on puncture site and instruct patient to apply pressure until bleeding stops

63
Q

Step thirteen for Skin Puncture

A

Seal tube with clay and paraffin wax

64
Q

Step fourteen for Skin Puncture

A

Dispose contaminated materials to appropriate containers

65
Q

When doing skin puncture, massage hands before and after pricking

True or False

A

False

Massage only before pricking; never after: never squeeze

66
Q

Roles of Warming Devices

A

Warming the sites increases blood flow up to seven times and is especially important when performing heel sticks and finger pricks.

67
Q

Ideal temperature used for warming devices

A

Water temperature must not exceed 42ºC or it could scald the patient.

68
Q

How many minutes before increasing temperature on skin to which promotes blood floe

A

3-10 minutes

69
Q

Totl of minutes to let the patient hold the waring devices

A

10-15 minutes

MT12 (G) Laboratory (2 decks)

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