Blood Collection Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the preferred blood source?

A

Venous blood

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2
Q

Which vein is the best for collection?

A

Jugular vein

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3
Q

What is a Vacutainer composed of?

A
  • needle
  • needle holder
  • tubing
  • collection tubes
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4
Q

What does the amount of blood collected depend on?

A
  • amount of plasma or serum needed

- hydration status of animal

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5
Q

How much blood should be taken?

A

Enough to run the required tests 3 times

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6
Q

What is Serum or Plasma?

A

Fluid portion of whole blood

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7
Q

What is the % of the fluid portion of blood?

A
  • 90% water

- 10% dissolved constituents like protein, vitamins, carbs, hormones etc…

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8
Q

What is Plasma?

A
  • Does contain clotting factors

- clotting factors known as fibrin

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9
Q

What is Serum?

A

Plasma that has had the clotting factors removed

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10
Q

What are Anticoagulants?

A

Chemicals that prevent or delay the clotting factors

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11
Q

When should a sample be refrigerated?

A

After 1 hour

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12
Q

What is Red Topped Tube?

A
  • contains nothing
  • used for whole blood
  • used for serum samples
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13
Q

What is Serum Seperator/ Tiger Topped Tube?

A
  • no anti coagulant
  • has yellowish plug of clot activation gel
  • separates serum from cells when spun
  • used for serum samples
  • NOT used for therapeutic drug level monitoring
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14
Q

What is Lavender/Purple Topped Tubes?

A
  • contains anticoagulant EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid)
  • used for plasma samples
  • used for whole blood samples
  • used for complete blood counts
    • doesn’t alter cell morphology
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15
Q

What is Grey Topped Tube?

A
  • contains anticoagulant Sodium Fluoride
  • best for glucose preservation
  • interferes with many other tests performed on serum
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16
Q

What is Blue Topped Tube?

A
  • contains anticoagulant Sodium Citrate
  • commonly used in transfusion
  • Na Citrate interferes with Na assays and many common serum tests
17
Q

What is Green Topped Tube?

A
  • contains anticoagulant Neparin
  • can be used for most tests that require plasma samples
  • shouldn’t be used for differential blood film analysis because anticoagulants interfere with the staining of the WBCs
18
Q

What is Hematology?

A

Study of blood

19
Q

Why is Hematology important?

A
  • evaluation of disease states
  • screening for well animals as a baseline
  • pre anesthetic screening
  • drug level monitoring
20
Q

What is Hematopoiesis?

A

-production of all blood cells,platelets, and pluripotent

21
Q

What is Pack Cell Volume?

A
  • measuring the percent of cells in a patient’s blood

- if animal is dehydrated, the fluid portion of blood will be lower

22
Q

What is a Hematocrit?

A

Fastest and easiest way to determine number of RBCs

23
Q

What will PCV tell you?

A

If animal is anemic or dehydrated

24
Q

What is the normal PCV for canines?

25
What is the normal PCV for felines?
30-45%
26
What is the normal PCV for equine?
32-52%
27
What is the normal PCV for bovine?
24-46%
28
How long should a blood sample be spun in a centrifuge?
2-5 min
29
What is normal plasma color?
Clear or straw
30
What is cloudy plasma?
Lipemic (fat)
31
What is reddish plasma?
Hemolysis
32
What is yellow plasma?
Icteric (possible liver disease)
33
What is a Blood Film Test used for?
- Perform the WBC differential - estimate platelet numbers - evaluate morphological shape of WBCs, RBCs and platelets
34
What is the Differential Cell Count?
Where different WBCs are tallied separately
35
Blood cells: most common to least common
- segmented neutrophil - lymphocytes - monocytes - eosinophil - basophil