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HEMA 2 > BLOOD COAGULATION > Flashcards

BLOOD COAGULATION Flashcards

1
Q

the father of medicine and observed that the blood of a wounded soldier congealed as it cooled

A

Hippocrates

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2
Q

he noted that blood cooled when removed

A

Aristotle

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3
Q

in 1627, _______ observed clots in veins

A

Mercurialis

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4
Q

in 1770, ______ challenged the cooling theory, believing that air and lack of motion were important in the initiation of clotting

A

Hewson

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5
Q

_______ assembled the coagulation factors

A

Morawitz

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6
Q

arresting of bleeding

A

hemostasis

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7
Q

achieved through the process of balancing bleeding and clotting

A

hemostasis

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8
Q

coagulation that occurs physiologically, resulting in sealing of break in a vasculature

A

hemostasis

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9
Q

essential to protect the integrity of the vasculature

A

hemostasis

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10
Q

“clotting”

A

thrombosis

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11
Q

formation of blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood

A

thrombosis

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12
Q

greek word “thrombos” meaning a lump or a clump

A

thrombosis

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13
Q

complex network of interactions involving vessels, platelet and coagulation factors

A

coagulation

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14
Q

relies on a system of checks and balances between thrombosis and hemorrhage that includes procoagulant and anticoagulant

A

hemostasis

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15
Q

coagulation is divided into two major systems:

A
  1. primary system of hemostasis
  2. secondary system of hemostasis
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16
Q

comprises platelet function and vasoconstriction

A

primary hemostasis

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17
Q

defined as primary platelet plug

A

primary hemostasis

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18
Q

serves to immediately limit bleeding through the formation of platelet plug

A

primary hemostasis

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19
Q
  • coagulation factors
  • platelet phospholipid
A

secondary hemostasis

20
Q

substrates in a series of delicately balanced enzymatic reactions that culminate in fibrin formation

A

secondary hemostasis

21
Q

After injury, the following may take event:
1. Rapid vasoconstriction for up to ____ minutes, reduces blood flow and promotes contact activation of platelets and coagulation
2. Platelets adhere immediately to the exposed subendothelial connective tissue. The aggregated platelets enhanced vasoconstriction by releasing _______ and vasoactive amines, like _______ and ________
3. Coagulation this initiated through both the intrinsic and extrinsic system
4. Finally, fibrinolysis occurs following the release of tissue plasminogen activators from the vascular wall. Fibrinolytic removal of excess hemostatic material is necessary to reestablish vascular integrity

A

30
thromboxane A2
serotonin
epinephrine

22
Q

vasospasm, narrowing of the arteries caused by a persistent contraction of the blood vessels, vasoconstriction

A

blood vessel spasm

23
Q

contraction of blood vessel wall

A

vasoconstriction

24
Q

short lived reflex reaction of the smooth muscle in vessel wall

A

vasoconstriction

25
Q

narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from the contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels

A

vasoconstriction

26
Q

occurs immediately and lasts briefly

A

vasoconstriction

27
Q

allows increased contact between the damaged vessel wall, blood platelets and coagulation factors

A

vasoconstriction

28
Q

effectively prevents bleeding in small blood vessels, but it cannot prevent bleeding in larger vessels

A

vasoconstriction

29
Q

opposite of vasodilation

A

vasoconstriction

30
Q

prevents bleeding by contracting vessels, by initiating contact activation of platelets with aggregation, and activating coagulation system

A

vascular system

31
Q
  • vessels that take blood away from the heart
  • distributing vessels that leave the heart
    ✓have the thickest walls of the vascular system
    ✓blood with oxygen
A

arteries

32
Q
  • return of blood to the heart
  • thin walled with elastic fiber
  • larger than the arteries, and have more irregular lumen
A

veins

33
Q

smaller subdivisions of arteries and veins

A

arterioles and venules

34
Q

small branch of artery leading to capillaries

A

arterioles

35
Q
  • transport blood from arteries to capillaries
  • play a key role in regulating blood flow into the tissue capillaries
A

arterioles

36
Q
  • microscopically sized veins
  • a small blood vessel in the microcirculation that allows blood to return from the capillary beds to drain into larger blood vessels
  • 7microns to 1mm
A

venules

37
Q
  • most numerous of the blood vessels
  • composed only of tunica intima, consisting of thin wall of simple squamous endothelial cells
A

capillaries

38
Q
  • larger and have more irregular lumen than arteries
  • relatively thin walled
  • weaker middle coat
  • fewer nerves are distributed to the veins than the arteries
A
39
Q
  • small structures consisting of supportive basement membrane to which a single layer of endothelium is tightly anchored
A

capillaries

40
Q
  • composed only of one cell later of simple squamous epithelium
  • thinnest walled and most numerous of the blood vessels
A

capillaries

41
Q

specialized type of capillaries found in the bone marrow, spleen and liver

A

sinusoids

42
Q

surface of the endothelium that lines the lumen-simple squamous epithelium

A

tunica intima

43
Q

thickest coat, composed of smooth muscle and elastic fiber

A

tunica media

44
Q

consist of fibrous connective tissue

A

tunica adventitia

45
Q
  • the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, in particular the large arteries and small arterioles
A

vasoconstriction

46
Q

lining the lumen of the blood vessel, and are the principal regulators of vascular functions

A

endothelial cells

HEMA 2 (1 decks)

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