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Common diseases > Blood coagulation > Flashcards

Blood coagulation Flashcards

1
Q

Define haemostasis

A

Stoppage of bleeding/haemorrhage from an injured blood vessel, without compromising blood fluidity

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2
Q

Define thrombosis

A

Blood vessel (vein or artery) occlusion by an intravascular blood clot/thrombus or detached clot fragment/embolus

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3
Q

What are a and b?

A

a - blood clot/thrombus

b - detatched clot fragment/embolus

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4
Q

Define haemostatic balance

A

Balance between procoagulant and anticoagulant factors in the blood, so effective haemostasis can occur without disseminated intravascular coagulation occurring

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5
Q

What is the function of haemostasis?

A
  • Maintain blood fluidity
  • Stop bleeding of damaged vessels
  • Thrombus/clot removal when vessel healing is finished
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6
Q

Interactions between …a…, …b… and …c… are critical in haemostasis and the pathogenesis of thrombosis

A

a - coagulation factors

b - platelets

c - the vascular wall

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7
Q

Interactions between coagulation factors, platelets and the vascular wall are critical in …d… and the pathogenesis of …e…

A

d - haemostasis

e - thrombosis

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8
Q

What mainly triggers haemostasis?

A

When blood exits blood vessels

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9
Q

Haemostasis is the …a… for minimising blood loss

A

a - innate mechanism

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10
Q

What are the three rapid sequence steps of hemostasis, after vessel injury?

A
  1. Vascular spasm
  2. Platelet plug formation
  3. Coagulation
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11
Q

What controls smooth muscle contraction?

A

Impulses from local pain receptors

Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and serotonin (5HT) from activated platelets

Endothelin-1 from vascular endothelial cells

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12
Q

What role does vascular spasm play in haemostasis?

A

Blood flow to injured vessel is immediately reduced

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13
Q

What are the three steps of platelet plug formation?

A

Platelet activation

Platelet adhesion

Platelet aggregation

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14
Q

Platelets will only aggregate as a part of …

A

…wound healing

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15
Q

What triggers thrombin production?

A

Any discontinuity in the vascular endothelium

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16
Q

…n… causes platelet aggregation

A

n - thrombin

17
Q

Platelets adhere to …a… and …b… to become activated

A

a - exposed sub-endothelial collagen

b - von Willebrand factor

18
Q

…c… and …d… act as anchors to allow for platelets to adhere

A

c - vWF

d - collagen

19
Q

Activated platelets release …x… and …y… to activate neighbouring platelets cand cause …z…

A

x - Thromboxane A2

y - ADP

z - aggregation

20
Q

vWF is a large …a… present in …b… and produced constitutively as …c… vWF in endothelium, …d… and …e…

A

a - multimeric (multiple polypeptide chains) glycoprotein

b - blood plasma

c - ultra-large

d - megakaryocytes and thrombocyte α-granules

e - subendothelial connective tissue

21
Q

Accumulation of activated platelets is called a …a… which …b… seals a damaged vessel

A

a - platelet plug

b - temporarily

22
Q

Haemostasis involves platelets in …x… stages

A

x - all

23
Q

Define blood coagulation

A

Catalytic conversion of fluid blood into solid fibrin clot

24
Q

Coagulation is responsible for forming a fibrous network “wall” at the site of a lesion designed to:

a

b

c

A

a - Trap/exudate microorganisms and foreign bodies

b - Stop bleeding by consolidating platelet plug structure

c - Provide a framework for repair initiation

25
Q

Successful coagulation involves:

a

b

c

A

a - coagulation factors

b - phospholipids

c - calcium ions

26
Q

Coagulation factors are …a… made in an …b… form in the …c…

They are activated at the site of …d… by …e… cleavage to become active …f…

A

a - plasma proteins

b - inactive

c - liver

d - vessel injury

e - proteolytic

f - proteases

27
Q

Phospholipids are found on the surface of activated…

A

…platelets

28
Q

…a… ions are required for several coagulation factors to be …b…

A

a - calcium

b - active

29
Q

Thrombin converts soluble …x… to insoluble …y…, giving a thrombus …z…

A

x - fibrinogen

y - fibrin

z - mechanical strength

30
Q

Regulators of the coagulation cascade

A

Antithrombin

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor

Plasmin

31
Q

Cofactors of the coagulation cascade

A

Common pathway: Va and VIIIa

Calcium (IV)

Phospholipids

Vitamin K

Fibrin stabilising factor

High molecular weight kininogen - initiates intrinsic pathway

Common diseases (14 decks)

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