Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biomedical Science 2 > Blood Cells and Haemopoiesis > Flashcards

Blood Cells and Haemopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

What type of tissue is blood?

A

Specialised connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 living elements found in blood?

A
  1. Erythrocytes
  2. Leukocytes
  3. Thrombocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the non-living element of blood?

A

Fluid matrix called plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name 5 functions of blood

A
  1. Delivery of nutrients and oxygen to cells
  2. Transport water and CO₂ away from cells
  3. Delivery of hormones to and from cells and tissues
  4. Maintenance of homeostasis
  5. Transport of humoral agents and cells of immune system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give 3 examples of how blood maintains homeostasis

A
  1. Acts as a buffer
  2. Participates in coagulation
  3. Assists with thermoregulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 major groupings in whole blood?

A
  1. Blood plasma (55%)

2. Formed elements (45%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 3 components which make up blood plasma?

A
  1. Proteins
  2. Water
  3. Solutes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name 3 proteins which could be found in blood plasma

A
  1. Albumins
  2. Globulins
  3. Fibrinogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name 4 solutes which could be found in blood plasma

A
  1. Electrolytes
  2. Nutrients
  3. Gasses
  4. Waste products
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 components which make up formed elements of blood?

A
  1. Red blood cells
  2. White blood cells
  3. Platelets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In order of the most abundant to least abundant, name the 5 types of white blood cell

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Lymphocytes
  3. Monocytes
  4. Eosinophils
  5. Basophils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are erythrocytes?

A

Red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the major distinction of red blood cells from white blood cells

A

Red blood cells are anucleate whereas white blood cells are nucleate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why are red blood cells anucleate?

A

Maximise area for haemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are red blood cells formed?

A

Bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are red blood cells broken down?

A

Kupffer cells found in the liver and spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Give 3 reasons for erythrocytes being biconcave

A
  1. Surface area increased
  2. Less distance for O₂ and CO₂ to diffuse
  3. Less likely to rupture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe 3 complications of sickle cell anaemia

A
  1. Adhere more readily to endothelium of blood vessels leading to thrombosis
  2. Can accumulate depriving tissue of oxygen
  3. Break more readily as fragile
19
Q

What 2 places are white blood cells formed?

A
  1. Bone marrow

2. Lymphoid organs

20
Q

What are the 2 classifications of leukocytes?

A
  1. Granulocyte

2. Agranulocyte

21
Q

What are 2 features of granulocytes?

A
  1. Cytoplasm packed with granules

2. Nucleus has 2 or more lobes

22
Q

What are 3 features of agranulocytes?

A
  1. Cytoplasm with few or no granules
  2. Nucleus not lobed
  3. Mononuclear
23
Q

What are 3 types of granulocytes?

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Eosinophils
  3. Basophils
24
Q

What are 2 types of agranulocytes?

A
  1. Lymphocytes

2. Monocytes

25
Q

Give 4 features of a neutrophil

A
  1. Nucleus has 2-5 lobes
  2. Respond most quickly to tissue destruction by bacteria or fungus
  3. Numbers increase during acute bacterial infections
  4. Short life span (1-2 days)
26
Q

Give 3 features of an eosinophil

A
  1. Bilobed nucleus
  2. Large refractile granules (lysosomes)
  3. Regulate local inflammatory responses due to allergic or parasitic action
27
Q

Give 3 features of a basophil

A
  1. Irregularly-lobed nucleus
  2. Numerous large overlying granules containing heparin and histamine
  3. Associated with systemic inflammation and allergies
28
Q

Give 3 features of a lymphocyte

A
  1. Nucleus is spherical and densely stained
  2. Usually present in tissues
  3. Involved in adaptive immune responses i.e. B and T response
29
Q

Give 3 features of a monocyte

A
  1. Kidney shaped nucleus
  2. Large cell
  3. Transform into macrophage in tissues and organs
30
Q

Give 4 features of platelets

A
  1. Life span roughly 10 days
  2. Anucleate
  3. Possess granules containing growth factors
  4. Involved in clot formation
31
Q

What is haemostasis?

A

The body’s physiological response to preventing and stopping bleeding

32
Q

What occurs when endothelial injury occurs?

A

Endothelial cells stop secretion of coagulation inhibitors and secret von Willebrand factor which initiates maintenance of haemostasis

33
Q

What are the 3 major steps involved in blood clotting?

A
  1. Vasoconstriction of blood vessel wall
  2. Temporary blockage by platelet plug
  3. Blood coagulation and formation of fibrin clot
34
Q

What is a platelet plug?

A

Platelets attach to exposed collagen of vessel wall leading to aggregation of other platelets

35
Q

What is a fibrin clot?

A

A fibrin mesh from blood plasma binds together with cells and platelets

36
Q

Explain an importance of white blood cell count changing

A

Indication for certain diseases and conditions

37
Q

Name 3 coagulation factor deficiencies

A
  1. Haemophilia
  2. Von Willebrand’s disease
  3. Use of warfarin
38
Q

Name a platelet disorder

A

Thrombocytopenia

39
Q

How does blood cell formation occur?

A

Develop from a pluripotential haemopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow

40
Q

What does the pluripotent stem cell give rise to?

A

Two multipotent haemopoietic progenitors

41
Q

Name 2 multipotent haemopoietic progenitors

A
  1. Lymphoid progenitors

2. Myeloid progenitors

42
Q

Name the process of red blood cell formation

A

Erythropoiesis

43
Q

What are 4 features of erythropoiesis?

A
  1. Reduction of cell size
  2. Decrease in nucleus size
  3. Haemoglobin is produced
  4. Extrusion of the nucleus
44
Q

What is the function of erythropoietin?

A

Increase rate of erythropoiesis due to low levels of oxygen in the blood

Biomedical Science 2 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions