BLOOD CELL Flashcards
Which stem cell are all blood cells derived from?
- Haematopoietic stem cell in bone marrow
What two streams does the haematopoietic stem cell give rise to?
- Common lymphoid progenitor
- Common myeloid progenitor
Which types of blood cells does the common myeloid progenitor cell give rise to?
- Megakaryocyte
- Erythrocyte
- Mast cell
- Myeloblast
What does the Megakaryocyte give rise to?
- Platelets
What does the myeloblast give rise to?
- Basophil
- Neutrophil
- Eosinophil
- Monocyte
What does a monocyte give rise to?
- Macrophage
What does a common lymphoid progenitor give rise to?
- Natural Killer Cells
- Small lymphocytes (B + T)
What will the centre of a RBC stain as? (pale or dark)
- Pale in the centre
What shape are RBCs?
Biconcave
What does the lac of nuclei and organelles allow for in RBCs?
- Increased haemoglobin content + gas carrying capacity
Which substances help platelets with the clotting process?
- Calcium
- Vitamin K
- Fibrinogen (protein)
What are the 5 leukocytes?
Basophil Eosinophil Nuetrophil Monocyte Lymphocytes
What is the definition of leukocytes?
- White blood cells of the immune system originating from precursors in bone marrow
What are the polymorphonuclear leukocytes?
- Basophil
- Eosinophil
- Neutrophil
What does poilymorphonuclear mean?
- Segmented nuclei (multiple nuclei appearance)
- have granules
Where are neutrophils normally found (in body) and what are they attracted to?
- Found in circulation
- Attracted to sites of injury and infection
What is the process of margination?
- Where neutrophils adhere to vessel walls
What do the azurophillic granules (in neutrophils) do?
Release contents to phagosomes which lowers pH –> kills both bacteria and neutrophil
What are the granules of eosinophils like and what compound do they contain?
- Granules are acidophillic and red/orange in colour
- Contain Major Basic Protein (MBP)
What is MBP (in eosinophils) toxic to?
- Parisitic larvae
What is the general function of eosinophils?
- Allergic responses and parasites
What are basophils distinguished by?
- Prominent dark blue granules
What are two things that the granules in basophils contain?
- Histamine
- Heparin
What is the general function of basophils?
- Response to external antigen
- Immediate like in asthma, hay fever and anaphylaxis
Of the leukocytes, what are the polymorphonuclear granulocytes?
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
Of the leukocytes, which are the Mononuclear cells?
- Monocytes
- Lymphocytes
What do monocytes become?
- tissue macrophages
- remove cellular debris
What are monocytes classified by?
- Cytoplasm contains lots of lysosomal granules
- “ has a uniform greyish blue ground-glass appearance”
Can neutrophils regenerate their lysosomal granules? -
- NO! (but monocytes can)
How are lymphocytes classified?
- Deeply staining nucleus with small amount of cytoplasm
Can the physical appearance of T and B cells be distinguished from each other in routine smears ?
NO!
What technique can be used to determine the difference between a T and B cell?
- Flow Cytometry
