BLOOD - Basics Flashcards
Which blood cells are derived from myeloid progenitor cells and which from lymphoid?
Lymphoid - B cells, T cells, NK cells
Myeloid - RBCs, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, mast cells, megakaryocytes.
Which 2 WBC are ‘first line defence’
Neutrophils and Macrophages
Which 4 WBC types are part of first line innate immune syste
Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, macrophages/monocytes
Where are WBCs made? What do they all derive from?
Bone marrow from haemopoeitic stem cells
What are platelets and what’s their main role? Where are they derived from?
Disc shaped cell fragment - no nucleus
Involved in clotting - form initial platelet plug to repair damaged epithelium/endothelium
Derived from megakaryocytes - from myeloid progenitor cells
What is the role of Basinophils?
Role in inflammation in immune response esp parasitic like eosinophils
Major role in allergy - granules of Histamine (vasodilator) and Heparin (anticoagulant)
Have protein receptors that bind IgE - immunoglobulin (an antibody) involved in parasitic infection and allergy
What is the role of Eosinophils?
Major role in allergy - IgE receptors, similar to mast cells and basophils in that respect
Role in parasitic infections - similar to basophils in that respect
What is the role of neutrophils?
Most abundant graulocyte.
Essential part of innate immune system with macrophages
They are a phagocyte - esp in acute phase of bacterial infection/cancers etc
What is the role of mast cells?
Major role in allergy/anaphylaxis, contain many granules of Heparin and Histamine and have IgE receptors.
Also role in parasitic infection as with eosinophils and basophils.
What types of lymphocyte are there?
T cell B cell NK cells
What is the role of NK cells?
Cytotoxic - part of innate immune system - analogous to cytotoxic T cells in adaptive immunity.
Induce apoptosis in virus infected cells (this is important as just cell lysine would release virus)
Rapid response to viral infections (around 3 days) and tumours.
What are the roles of macrophages?
With neutrophils major role in immediate inflammation of innate immunity.
Arrive 1-2 days after neutrophils to phagocytosis debris, cells
Also major role in adaptive immunity - professional antigen presenting cells to T cells
What do dendritic cells do? What are they differentiated from? Where do they reside and where do they move to once activated?
Derived from monocytes - professional antigen presenting cells of adaptive immune system. Present in tissues that are in contact with external environment - skill, nose, lungs, GI. Once activated they move to lymph nodes.
Also phagocytose
Which type of WBC dysfunction would be involved in autoimmune diseases such as MS/Rheumatoid
T cells
What 3 diseases are due to high blood count, 3 due to low blood count, and 1 which is low blood count in all 3 bloods (RBC, WBC, platelets)
Polycythemia
Leukaemia
Thrombocythemia
Anaemia
Leucopenia
Thrombocytopenia
Pancytopenia
