Blood Bank (review center)

Question 1

Recipient of first blood transfusion in history, but he and the donors died?

Answer 1

Pope Innocent VIII

Question 2

Discovered ABO Blood groups and explained transfusion reaction

Answer 2

KARL LANDSTEINER

Question 3

Discovered the fourth ABO Blood Group, AB in 1902

Answer 3

Von Decastello & Sturli

Question 4

Used vein to vein transfusion of blood by using multiple syringes?

Answer 4

Edward Lindemann

Question 5

In 1914, He used sodium citrate as AC for Indirect blood transfusion?

Answer 5

ALBERT HUSTIN

Question 6

Introduced Citrate dextrose solution for preservation of blood?

Answer 6

ROUS AND TURNER

Question 7

Rh blood group system was discovered

Answer 7

Alex Wiener
Karl Landsteiner

Question 8

They describe the use of Anti-Human Globulin

Answer 8

Robin Coombs
Arthur Mourant
Rob Race

Question 9

Discovered Monoclonal antibodies in the Hybdridoma Technology?

Answer 9

George Kohler
Cesar Milsten

Question 10

What is the goal of RBC preservation?

Answer 10

Maintain RBC viability during storage

Question 11

Used as reagent antibodies in in Blood bank? known as “anti-sera”

Answer 11

Monoclonal Antibodies

Question 12

should be less than 1% of total hemoglobin

Answer 12

FREE HEMOGLOBIN

Question 13

How many percent should RBCs should remain viable in 24 hours?

Answer 13

> 75%

Question 14

Storage temp of liquid whole blood?

Answer 14

1-6 C

Question 15

Shipping/Transport temp for liquid whole blood?

Answer 15

1-10 C

Question 16

Storage temp for Platelet concentrate/Granulocyte concentrate?

Answer 16

20-24 C

Question 17

FFP/Cryoprecipitate

Answer 17

-18 C

Question 18

Biochemical changes observed in stored whole blood?

Answer 18

Elevated:
^ Plasma potassium
^ Plasma Hemog
^ Lactic Acid

Decreases
ATP Levels and glucose consumption
2,3 DpG
pH

Question 19

Shelf life of ACD (Acid Citrate Dextrose)?

Answer 19

21 days

Question 20

Shelf life of CPD?

Answer 20

21 days

Question 21

CPDA-1 Shelf Life

Answer 21

35

Question 22

Shelf life of Heparin

Answer 22

24-48 days

Question 23

Additive Solutions red cell survival for up to how many days?

Answer 23

42 days

Question 24

Additive solution generally contains?
Saline
Adenine
Glucose
Mannitol

Answer 24

S - Isotonic
A - Maintains ATP levels
G - source of energy
M - prevents storage related hemolysis

Question 25

Examples of Additive solutions

Answer 25

Adsol, Nutricel. Optisol, SOLX

Question 26

Self life when rejuvenation solution is added to the blood bag?

Answer 26

extension of 24 hours

Question 27

Rejuvanation solution general content? P-I-P-A

Answer 27

Phosphate - Serves as a buffer Inosine - Maintains 2.3 DPG levels Prruvate - Maintains 2,3 DPG levels Adenine - Maintains ATP levels

Question 28

Primarily use for autologous units and storage of rare blood types?

Answer 28

RBC Cell Freezing

Question 29

Shelf life and storage temp of RBC Freezing?

Answer 29

10 yrs @ -65C

Question 30

Most common cryoprotective agent?

Answer 30

GLYCEROL

Question 31

Is done prior transfusion?

Answer 31

Deglycerolization

Question 32

Should be removed before blood transfusion?

Answer 32

GLYCEROL

Question 33

NSS %

Answer 33

0.9 % NaCI

Question 34

Carry and transfer oxygen in the absence if intact RBC?

Answer 34

RBC Substitution

Question 35

Example of red cell substitutes?

Answer 35

Perfluorochemicals and Hemoglobin based oxygen carriers

Question 36

Advantages of Red Cell Substitutes

Answer 36

Abundant Supply Long Shelf Life (1-3 years) No blood typing/crossmatching required

Question 37

Storage of Platelet Preservation?

Answer 37

20-24 C with continuous gentle agitation up to 5 days

Question 38

pH of platelet preservation should be maintained at?

Answer 38

6.2 or higher

Question 39

No vidible aggregation in platelet preservation?

Answer 39

Platelet swirl

Question 40

Huma have __ pairs of autosomes? and one set of sex chromosomes

Answer 40

22

Question 41

Total chromosomes in diploid cells (mother and father - combined

Answer 41

46 chromosomes

Question 42

Most common type of inheritance pattern with Blood Group such as ABO and Rh?

Answer 42

Codominant (all genes inherited are equally expressed)

Question 43

Is the complement of DNA that is inherited (actual genes)

Answer 43

Genotype

Question 44

Genotype is classified in two groups

Answer 44

Homozygous and Heterozygous

Question 45

Presence of two identical alleles at a particular locus

Answer 45

Heterozygous

Question 46

Heterozygous

Answer 46

Different genes from parents

Question 47

Observable expression of the genotype

Answer 47

Phenotype

Question 48

Inheritance is controlled by a gene or two closelely-linked genes?

Answer 48

System

Question 49

Antigens demonstrated a serologic relationship but no independent inheritance?

Answer 49

Collection (200)

Question 50

Observed in >90% of random population

Answer 50

High incidence (901) series

Question 51

Observed in <1% of random population

Answer 51

Low incident series (700) series

Question 52

Naturally occuring even without prior exposure to RBC antigen?

Answer 52

IgM

Question 53

Optimal Temperature reactivity of IgM

Answer 53

22 C (cold reactive)

Question 54

Examples of IgM antibodies

Answer 54

ABO, Hh, MN, Li, Lewis, P

Question 55

Heterogenous population of antibodies produced by different clones of plasma cells?

Answer 55

Polyclonal

Question 56

Homogenous population or antibodies produced by single clone of plasma cells

Answer 56

Monoclonal

Question 57

Used for the productio of Monoclonal Antibodies

Answer 57

Hybridoma Technology

Question 58

Production of cells used in the Hybridoma Technology

Answer 58

Plasma cell and Myeloma cell

Question 59

Means malignant plasma cells

Answer 59

Myeloma Cell

Question 60

Positive sign of an antigen-antibody reaction in Blood Bank

Answer 60

Hemagglutination - most common Hemolysis

Question 61

Gel used in Gel Method

Answer 61

Dextran Acrylamite gel

Question 62

Serves as a filter to be able to trap agglutinated red blood cells?

Answer 62

Dextran Acrylamite gel

Question 63

Developed in Europe by Dr. Yves Lapierre?

Answer 63

Gel Test Method/Column Agglutination Technology

Question 64

uses dextran-acrylamide gel that contains predispensed reagents

Answer 64

Get Test Method

Question 65

Gel card measurement

Answer 65

5 x 7 cm and has 6-8 columns

Question 66

Advantage of Gel Test Method

Answer 66

> Standardization (major advantage) > Stability of results (1-3) > Decreased sample volume needed (Serum 25 uL Rbc 50 uL) > No need for washing of RBCs before adding AHG > Enhances sensitivity and Specificity

Question 67

Capture immunoassays are available to detect antibodies to RBCs, Platelets and CMV

Answer 67

Solid Phase Technology

Question 68

For serum antibody detection is uses?

Answer 68

Microplate wells cater with RBC Ags

Question 69

In Solid Phase Technology- what is the result when there's a Diffuse pattern/RNC monolayer

Answer 69

POSITIVE

Question 70

RBC Pellter at the bottom

Answer 70

Negative

Question 71

Factors that influence agglutination reactions

Answer 71

1. High speed centrifugation 2. Effect of Antigen-Antibody Ratio 3. Dosage Effect 4. Effect of pH 5. Effect of Temperature 6. Effect of Immunoglobulin Type 7. Effect or Enhancement media and potentiators

Question 72

Excess in Ab

Answer 72

PRO ZONE

Question 73

Post zone

Answer 73

Excess in AG

Question 74

Less antigens expressed on RBCs

Answer 74

Heterozygous Alleles

Question 75

Homozygous Alleles

Answer 75

More antigens expressed on RBCs

Question 76

Prefers slightly acidic (pH 6.5)

Answer 76

Anti M

Question 77

Helps detect IgG antibodies

Answer 77

Enhancement Media

Question 78

can cross the placenta

Answer 78

IgG

Question 79

Increases the dialectric constant, w/c reduces the zeta potential

Answer 79

Protein Media

Question 80

Examples of Protein Media

Answer 80

22% Albumin Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)

Question 81

Incubation or 22% ALBUMIN

Answer 81

37 C for 16-60 mins

Question 82

Removes water from the system and causes non specific aggregation

Answer 82

Polyethylene Glycol

Question 83

Low iconic strength solution contains 0.2 % Naci Solution

Answer 83

LISS

Question 84

Incubation of LISS

Answer 84

37 C at 10-15 mins