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Blood Bank > Blood Bank (review center) > Flashcards

Blood Bank (review center) Flashcards

1
Q

Recipient of first blood transfusion in history, but he and the donors died?

A

Pope Innocent VIII

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2
Q

Discovered ABO Blood groups and explained transfusion reaction

A

KARL LANDSTEINER

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3
Q

Discovered the fourth ABO Blood Group, AB in 1902

A

Von Decastello & Sturli

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4
Q

Used vein to vein transfusion of blood by using multiple syringes?

A

Edward Lindemann

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5
Q

In 1914, He used sodium citrate as AC for Indirect blood transfusion?

A

ALBERT HUSTIN

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6
Q

Introduced Citrate dextrose solution for preservation of blood?

A

ROUS AND TURNER

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7
Q

Rh blood group system was discovered

A

Alex Wiener
Karl Landsteiner

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8
Q

They describe the use of Anti-Human Globulin

A

Robin Coombs
Arthur Mourant
Rob Race

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9
Q

Discovered Monoclonal antibodies in the Hybdridoma Technology?

A

George Kohler
Cesar Milsten

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10
Q

What is the goal of RBC preservation?

A

Maintain RBC viability during storage

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11
Q

Used as reagent antibodies in in Blood bank? known as “anti-sera”

A

Monoclonal Antibodies

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12
Q

should be less than 1% of total hemoglobin

A

FREE HEMOGLOBIN

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13
Q

How many percent should RBCs should remain viable in 24 hours?

A

> 75%

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14
Q

Storage temp of liquid whole blood?

A

1-6 C

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15
Q

Shipping/Transport temp for liquid whole blood?

A

1-10 C

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16
Q

Storage temp for Platelet concentrate/Granulocyte concentrate?

A

20-24 C

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17
Q

FFP/Cryoprecipitate

A

-18 C

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18
Q

Biochemical changes observed in stored whole blood?

A

Elevated:
^ Plasma potassium
^ Plasma Hemog
^ Lactic Acid

Decreases
ATP Levels and glucose consumption
2,3 DpG
pH

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19
Q

Shelf life of ACD (Acid Citrate Dextrose)?

A

21 days

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20
Q

Shelf life of CPD?

A

21 days

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21
Q

CPDA-1 Shelf Life

A

35

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22
Q

Shelf life of Heparin

A

24-48 days

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23
Q

Additive Solutions red cell survival for up to how many days?

A

42 days

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24
Q

Additive solution generally contains?
Saline
Adenine
Glucose
Mannitol

A

S - Isotonic
A - Maintains ATP levels
G - source of energy
M - prevents storage related hemolysis

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25
Q

Examples of Additive solutions

A

Adsol, Nutricel. Optisol, SOLX

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26
Q

Self life when rejuvenation solution is added to the blood bag?

A

extension of 24 hours

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27
Q

Rejuvanation solution general content?
P-I-P-A

A

Phosphate - Serves as a buffer
Inosine - Maintains 2.3 DPG levels
Prruvate - Maintains 2,3 DPG levels
Adenine - Maintains ATP levels

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28
Q

Primarily use for autologous units and storage of rare blood types?

A

RBC Cell Freezing

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29
Q

Shelf life and storage temp of RBC Freezing?

A

10 yrs @ -65C

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30
Q

Most common cryoprotective agent?

A

GLYCEROL

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31
Q

Is done prior transfusion?

A

Deglycerolization

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32
Q

Should be removed before blood transfusion?

A

GLYCEROL

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33
Q

NSS %

A

0.9 % NaCI

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34
Q

Carry and transfer oxygen in the absence if intact RBC?

A

RBC Substitution

35
Q

Example of red cell substitutes?

A

Perfluorochemicals and Hemoglobin based oxygen carriers

36
Q

Advantages of Red Cell Substitutes

A

Abundant Supply
Long Shelf Life (1-3 years)
No blood typing/crossmatching required

37
Q

Storage of Platelet Preservation?

A

20-24 C with continuous gentle agitation up to 5 days

38
Q

pH of platelet preservation should be maintained at?

A

6.2 or higher

39
Q

No vidible aggregation in platelet preservation?

A

Platelet swirl

40
Q

Huma have __ pairs of autosomes?
and one set of sex chromosomes

A

22

41
Q

Total chromosomes in diploid cells
(mother and father - combined

A

46 chromosomes

42
Q

Most common type of inheritance pattern with Blood Group such as ABO and Rh?

A

Codominant (all genes inherited are equally expressed)

43
Q

Is the complement of DNA that is inherited (actual genes)

A

Genotype

44
Q

Genotype is classified in two groups

A

Homozygous and Heterozygous

45
Q

Presence of two identical alleles at a particular locus

A

Heterozygous

46
Q

Heterozygous

A

Different genes from parents

47
Q

Observable expression of the genotype

A

Phenotype

48
Q

Inheritance is controlled by a gene or two closelely-linked genes?

A

System

49
Q

Antigens demonstrated a serologic relationship but no independent inheritance?

A

Collection (200)

50
Q

Observed in >90% of random population

A

High incidence (901) series

51
Q

Observed in <1% of random population

A

Low incident series (700) series

52
Q

Naturally occuring even without prior exposure to RBC antigen?

A

IgM

53
Q

Optimal Temperature reactivity of IgM

A

22 C (cold reactive)

54
Q

Examples of IgM antibodies

A

ABO, Hh, MN, Li, Lewis, P

55
Q

Heterogenous population of antibodies produced by different clones of plasma cells?

A

Polyclonal

56
Q

Homogenous population or antibodies produced by single clone of plasma cells

A

Monoclonal

57
Q

Used for the productio of Monoclonal Antibodies

A

Hybridoma Technology

58
Q

Production of cells used in the Hybridoma Technology

A

Plasma cell and Myeloma cell

59
Q

Means malignant plasma cells

A

Myeloma Cell

60
Q

Positive sign of an antigen-antibody reaction in Blood Bank

A

Hemagglutination - most common
Hemolysis

61
Q

Gel used in Gel Method

A

Dextran Acrylamite gel

62
Q

Serves as a filter to be able to trap agglutinated red blood cells?

A

Dextran Acrylamite gel

63
Q

Developed in Europe by Dr. Yves Lapierre?

A

Gel Test Method/Column Agglutination Technology

64
Q

uses dextran-acrylamide gel that contains predispensed reagents

A

Get Test Method

65
Q

Gel card measurement

A

5 x 7 cm and has 6-8 columns

66
Q

Advantage of Gel Test Method

A

> Standardization (major advantage)
Stability of results (1-3)
Decreased sample volume needed (Serum 25 uL Rbc 50 uL)
No need for washing of RBCs before adding AHG
Enhances sensitivity and Specificity

67
Q

Capture immunoassays are available to detect antibodies to RBCs, Platelets and CMV

A

Solid Phase Technology

68
Q

For serum antibody detection is uses?

A

Microplate wells cater with RBC Ags

69
Q

In Solid Phase Technology- what is the result when there’s a Diffuse pattern/RNC monolayer

A

POSITIVE

70
Q

RBC Pellter at the bottom

A

Negative

71
Q

Factors that influence agglutination reactions

A
  1. High speed centrifugation
  2. Effect of Antigen-Antibody Ratio
  3. Dosage Effect
  4. Effect of pH
  5. Effect of Temperature
  6. Effect of Immunoglobulin Type
  7. Effect or Enhancement media and potentiators
72
Q

Excess in Ab

A

PRO ZONE

73
Q

Post zone

A

Excess in AG

74
Q

Less antigens expressed on RBCs

A

Heterozygous Alleles

75
Q

Homozygous Alleles

A

More antigens expressed on RBCs

76
Q

Prefers slightly acidic (pH 6.5)

A

Anti M

77
Q

Helps detect IgG antibodies

A

Enhancement Media

78
Q

can cross the placenta

A

IgG

79
Q

Increases the dialectric constant, w/c reduces the zeta potential

A

Protein Media

80
Q

Examples of Protein Media

A

22% Albumin
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)

81
Q

Incubation or 22% ALBUMIN

A

37 C for 16-60 mins

82
Q

Removes water from the system and causes non specific aggregation

A

Polyethylene Glycol

83
Q

Low iconic strength solution
contains 0.2 % Naci Solution

A

LISS

84
Q

Incubation of LISS

A

37 C at 10-15 mins

Blood Bank (1 decks)

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