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Blood Bank Quiz 2 > Blood bank Final > Flashcards

Blood bank Final Flashcards

1
Q

% of population that is RH/D + vs -

A

+ is 85%
- is 15%

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2
Q

What do the sugars that determine the A and B antigen attach to?

A

H antigen

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3
Q

Which blood groups show dosage

A

M, N, S,s, Fya, Fyb, jka, Jkb

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4
Q

Which blood groups don’t show dosage

A

I, i, Lea, Leb, P1, Lua, Lub, U

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5
Q

R2

A

DcE

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6
Q

R1

A

DCe

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7
Q

R0

A

Dce

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8
Q

Rz

A

DCE

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9
Q

r1

A

dCe

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9
Q

r

A

dce

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10
Q

r2

A

dcE

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11
Q

ry

A

dCE

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12
Q

Characteristics of Rh antibodies

A

IgG, show up after exposure, no binding to C’, optimal temp is 37ºC, can cross the placenta

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13
Q

What is reverse grouping

A

Using the patients serum and known antigen to determine which antibodies are present in the patient

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14
Q

Where are the various lectins made from

A

Anti A1- Dolichos Biflorus
Anti H- Ulex Europeus

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15
Q

Which antibodies are associated with different diseases

A

I- mycoplasma pneumonia
i- Infectious mono

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16
Q

Which antibodies are clinically significantly

A

P1, Lub, K, k, S, s, U, Fya,Fyb, Jka,Jkb

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17
Q

Which antibodies are not clinically significant

A

I, i, Lea, Leb, Lua, M, N

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18
Q

Minimum plt in different types of plt units

A

Random- 5.5 x 10^10
Apheresis- 3.0 x 10^11

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18
Q

Minimum amount of factors in a cryo unit

A

150ml of Fibrinogen and 8 IU of VIII

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19
Q

How to calculate fetal bleeding and dose of RhiG to give

A
  1. Stain and count the cells out of 2000 (#/2000= %)
  2. % x 50ml/30
  3. Round the calculated dose then add 1 = required RhIG
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20
Q

What is immunogenicity

A

Antigen being able to stimulate an antibody response

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21
Q

Are ABO antibodies naturally occurring?

A

Yes

22
Q

How many A individuals are A1

A

80%

23
Q

Antibody vs antigen

A

Antigens are on the RBCs (blood types are determined by the absence or presence of the antigen)
Antibodies are in the patients plasma (confirm blood type)

24
Q

Anti-Jka

A

IgG, clinically significant, implicated in hemolytic transfusion reactions and HDFN, common cause of delayed HT, Kidd antibodies decline in reactivity

25
Q

What are the steps in transfusion reaction investigation

A

Clerical check
Visual check- hemolysis
Post ABO
Post DAT

26
Q

Know which sugars go with which antigens (A, etc.)

A

Antigen A- N-acetylgalactosamine
Antigen B- D- Galactose
Antigen AB – N- Acetylgalactosamine and D- Galactose
Antigen O- none

27
Q

How much should a patient’s plt (platelet) count go up when given one unit of plts? Same with rbcs and hemoglobin and hematocrit.

A

RBCs- 1 unit increases patient Hgb by 1 g/dL to Hct by 3%
Plts- each dose of Plts should increase the patients count by 27,000-67,000/uL

28
Q

Know about the correct storage temperature for different types of blood products

A

RBCs- 1 to 6ºc
Plts- 20-24ºC
Cryo and plasma - -18ºC or lower
Plasma thawed is 1-6ºC
Cryo thawed is room temp

29
Q

What are the universal donors for red cells and plasma?

A

Universal RBC donor is O-
Universal Plasma donor is AB

30
Q

Know about what leukoreduction does

A

To remove 99.9% of leukocytes from RBCs and Plts
The goal is <5 x 10^6

31
Q

Know about the IAT and DAT

A

IAT is in vitro looking for free floating antibodies
DAT is in vivo looking for already bound antigens

32
Q

Know differences between ABO HDFN and Rh HDFN

A

Most common cause of HDFN is ABO and the first pregnancy is usually affected
Most sever HDFN is Rh and first pregnancy isn’t usually affected

33
Q

Understand why you would give each type of blood product (e.g. increase in oxygen carrying capacity)

A

RBC are given to increase O2 carrying capacity and increase Hgb/Hct
Plts are given to increase plt count
Plasma is given to increase coag factors, treatment of liver disease/failure and treat DIC
Cryo- is used as a fibrinogen replacement and contains factor XIII and is used to treat factor XIII deficiency

34
Q

Understand the difference between homozygous and heterozygous

A

Homozygous cells give a stronger reaction (CC)
Heterozygous cells give a weaker reaction (Cc)

35
Q

How long is a crossmatch sample good for?

A

72 hours or 3 days

36
Q

What tests are required on donor blood?

A

ABO/RH, Antibody screen, HbsAg, Anti-HBc, Anti HCV-NAT, Anti-HIV-1/2and NAT, Anti-HTLV-I/II, WNV RNA, Syphilis, T. Cruzi, plt bacteria detection

37
Q

Most of the population is what 2 blood types

A

A+ and O +

38
Q

Cold agglutinins

A

Preform prewarming techniques to fix problems
Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria- Positive one the Donath-landsteiner test. In children and young adults
Cold hemagglutinin disease- In elderly or middle age adults, negative for the Donath-landsteiner test
Pathological cold antibodies are clinically significant

39
Q

Which antibodies do not react at 37 degrees C or AHG?

A

I, i, Lea, Leb, P1, Lua, M, N

40
Q

Know about the Donath-Landsteiner test

A

A test which is used to confirm PCH. The test involves collecting fresh blood from a patient and seperated into 3 sets of 3 tubes mixed with O RBCs that express the P antigen. Tubes A1-C1 and A2-C3 will be positive, tubes A3-C3 will be negative

41
Q

What is the crossmatching protocol for plts and/or plasma?

A

There is none. Plasma products don’t have RBC antigens. They only have antibodies

42
Q

Why do we do serological testing of blood products?

A

Type and screen- blood type
Antibody detection and identification
Cross match

43
Q

Why do we irradiate blood products?

A

To prevent GVHD in immunocompromised or immunosuppressed patients

44
Q

Why do we leukoreduce prbcs?

A

Prevent graft vs host disease
Prevent febrile non hemolytic transfusion reactions
Prevent or delay the development of HLA antibodies
Reduce the risk of transmission CMV

45
Q

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

rapid destruction of RBCs within 24hrs
Hypotension, shock, acute renal failure

46
Q

Transfusion-Associated Sepsis

A

bacterially contaminated blood
Temp increase >2º, profound hypotension

47
Q

Febrile Non-hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

Cytokines or WBC cause recipient reaction
1ºC increase in body temp, increase blood pressure

48
Q

Allergic Transfusion reaction

A

recipient antibodies response to an allergic in the blood components
Weals, erythema, hives

49
Q

Anaphylactic transfusion reaction

A

IgA deficient patients
Tongue, swelling, bronchoconstriction

50
Q

Transfusion related acute lung injury

A

Bilateral infiltrates, respiratory distress

51
Q

Transfusion associated circulatory overload

A

Hypertension, congestive heart failure, renal failure, hepatic cirrhosis

52
Q

What would be the probable genotype of a patient who phenotypes as A Pos, Le(a-b-)?

A

Lele, Se, A/B/H gene

53
Q

Know criteria for IS crossmatches

A

Patient plasma and donors RBCS
In minor crossmatch- you need donor serum and patient RBCs

54
Q

Know Bombay phenotype and the genotypes that cause it

A

Makes the H gene- no H gene = no ABO expression, patient would be Only compatible with other non Bombay individuals

Blood Bank Quiz 2 (2 decks)

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