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Pathology Boards > Blood Bank > Flashcards

Blood Bank Flashcards

1
Q

Donor reactions-

Vasovagal reaction

A

Bradycardia with hypotension, syncope, incontinence

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2
Q

Donor Reactions-

Hypovolemic shock

A

Tachycardia, hypotension, syncope, shock

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3
Q

Donor reactions-

Hyperventilation

A

common in children’s and first timers. Shortness of breath, twitching

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4
Q

Platelet donation time restrictions in donation

A

2-2-24.

At least 2 days between donations, no more then 2 donations per week, no more then 24 donations per year

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5
Q

Weeks needed between whole blood donations?

Weeks needed between double whole blood donations?

A

8 weeks

16 weeks

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6
Q

Needed Hgb and Hct for allogenic donors (donating to others)?

Needed Hgb and Hct for autogenic donors (donating to self)?

A

12.5/38%

11/33%

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7
Q

infection risk for HIV in blood products?

HCV?

HBV?

A

1 in 1.5 million

1 in 1 million

1 in 350,000

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8
Q

Donation deferral for 1-time anti-HBc (HepB core)?

Donation deferral for 2-time anti-HBc (HepB core)?

Donation deferral for confirmed HBsAG antigen?

A

None

indefinite

permanent

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9
Q

Deferral for Hep C +Anti-HCV (unconfirmed)?

Deferral for Hep C +Anti-HCV (confirmed)?

Deferral for Hep C +NAT only?

A

indefinite, may try again in 6 months

Permanent

indefinite, may try again in 6 months

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10
Q

Deferral for HIV +Anti-HIV (unconfirmed)?

Deferral for HIV +Anti-HIV (confirmed)?

Deferral for HIV +NAT only?

A

indefinite, may try again in 8 weeks

Permanent

indefinite, may try again in 8 weeks

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11
Q

Name the three blood preservatives that provide 21 day storage?

Name the one preservative that provides 35 days storage?

A

ACD, CPD, CP2D

CPDA-1

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12
Q

What preservative provides storage for 42 days for blood?

A

Adenine Saline, an “additive solution”. Several different types, AS-1, AS-3, AS-5, AS-7

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13
Q

How many platelets should be contained in one dose of random (whole blood) platelets?

The pH should be at least what for platelets?

A

> or = 5.5 x 10^10

pH > or = 6.2

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14
Q

How many platelets should be contained in one dose of apheresis platelets?

The pH should be at least what?

A

> or = 3.0 x 10^11 (more then the whole blood or “random” platelets

pH > or = 6.2

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15
Q

Name the 4 counterindications/disease conditions to platelet transfusion?

A

TTP (Have large multimers of vWF that can bind with platelets and form more thrombi)

HIT (Increases risk of thrombosis)

ITP (platelet count doesn’t increase)

Post Transfusion Purpura (Antibody vs platelets, most transfused platelets have an antigen that can get attacked)

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16
Q

What amount do you typically give a neonate of platelets, rbcs, etc….?

A

10-15 cc (mL/Kg)

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17
Q

What is the maximum number of leukocytes that should be in leuko reduced apheresis platelets, RBCs, etc. ..?

How about in a unit of whole blood derived platelets?

A

5 million (5 X 10^6)

830,000 (8.3 X 10^5) Since it takes 6 doses of whole blood derived platelets to equal one dose of apheresis platelets, this number is just 5 million divided by 6

18
Q

What is the radiation dose for a bag of red cells?

A

At least 2500 cGy to the center of the bag, at least 1500 cGy to the periphery of the bag

19
Q

Name 5 indications for FFP?

A

Bleeding patients with a coagulopathy

Bleeding patients on warfarin

Trauma (1:1 with pRBCs)

Dilutional coagulopathy (Giving a patient a bunch of fluids)

TTP/HUS

20
Q

What is the problem with giving FFP to reverse Heparin?

A

It infuses Antithrombin which potentiates heparin!

21
Q

What is the coagulation factor that has the shortness halflife in the body? (In vivo)

A

Factor 7

22
Q

What are the factors that decreased the most rapidly in a bag of plasma?

A

Factor 5 and 8, especially 8

23
Q

What is the main indication of cryo reduced plasma? (The stuff left over after cryo)

A

For replenishment of ADAMTS13 in TTP

24
Q

Name the 4 important components of cryo?

A

Factor 8, factor 13, vWF, and fibrinogen

25
Q

Every unit of cryo has to have at least ___ mg of fibrinogen and ____ IUs of factor 8

A

150

80

26
Q

DDAVP causes release of ____ from the endothelial cells.

A

vWF

27
Q

What are the two main uses for NovoSeven?

A

Hemophilia A and B

Congenital factor VII deficiency

28
Q

Granulocytes must be typed and crossmatched because……..

A

It is hard to seperate the RBCs from WBCs completely as they have similar densities, therefore you should get some RBCs with each bag

29
Q

Should Granulocyte products be irradiated? Why or why not?

A

Yes, because they may contain T-lymphs that can cause GVHD. The radiation kills these cells but NOT the granulocytes.

30
Q

What is the number one cause of transfusion related mortality reported to the FDA?

A

TRALI

31
Q

What are the four acute transfusion reactions presenting with fever?

A

Acute hemolytic

Febrile non-hemolytic

Transfusion-related Sepsis

TRALI

32
Q

What are the four acute transfusion reactions typically without fever?

A

Allergic

Hypotensive

Tx associated dyspnea

TACO

33
Q

A febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction is an increase of temperature by __ C or ___ F. It is caused by ____

A

1 C, 2 F.

Cytokines

34
Q

The most common type of bacteria to infect red cells are gram ___ ____, like ____

The most common organisms to infect skin are gram ___ ____ because they come from the ____

A

gram negative rods like Yersinia

gram positive cocci, skin

35
Q

What is interesting about the blood pressure readings in TRALI?

A

It usually goes up, then down

36
Q

What are the two main theories of TRALI?

A

Transfused anti-HLA antibodies
Transfused stored blood with breakdown products that activate neutrophils
Either or both of these can stimulate the neutrophils in the lung to activation

37
Q

What is the most common cause of severe allergic reactions?

A

Patients with IgA deficiency (rare)

Another is haptoglobin deficiency

38
Q

What are the three antibodies that typically caused delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions?

What of these antibodies can sometimes fix complement and cause intravascular hemolysis?

A

Kidd, Duffy, Kell

Kidd

39
Q

What is the difference between delayed hemolytic and delayed serologic transfusion reactions?

A

Hemolysis!

40
Q

What is post transfusion purpura?

What is the pathophysiology?

Treatment?

Is this a contraindication to platelet transfusion?

A

Severe thrombocytopenia 10 days post transfusion

Someone exposed to a common platelet antigen that they do not have (HPA-1a). Then they make an antibody. When it forms it also starts coating that persons platelets for an unknown reason as an auto antibody.

IVIG

Yes

Pathology Boards (7 decks)

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